Police Organization and Management

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CHAPTER
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• Police Organization and Management

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American Policing

• The purposes of policing
• enforce and support the laws
• investigate crimes/apprehend offenders
• prevent crime
• ensure domestic peace and tranquility
• provide community with enforcement related
  services

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American Policing

• Enforce and Support the Laws
• Only about 10-20 of all calls to police
  require a law enforcement response.
• Law enforcement priorities are significantly
  affected by community needs. i.e. prostitution
  rings, massage parlor problems

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American Policing

• Investigate crimes/Apprehend Offenders
• Some criminals are apprehended during the
  commission of a crime or shortly thereafter.

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American Policing

• Prevent Crime
• Modern crime prevention aims to
• reduce crime and criminal opportunities
• lower the rewards of crime
• lessen the fear of crime (exs.)

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American Policing

• Provide Community with Enforcement-Related
  Services
• Any citizen from any city, suburb, or town can
  mobilize police resources by simply picking up
  the phone and placing a call to the police

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American Policing

• Local Departments must also prepare for and help
  prevent terrorism
• respond to attacks
• offer critical evacuation
• emergency medical and security functions
• stabilize communities following incidents
• JTTF

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• Operational Strategies

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Operational Strategies

• Preventive Patrol
• Routine incident response
• Emergency Response
• Criminal Investigation
• Problem Solving (new)
• Support Services

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Operational Strategies
Preventive Patrol is todays dominant policing
strategy. It places uniformed police officers
on the street among the public. Types of patrol-
advantages/disadvantages??
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Operational Strategies
Routine incident responses include restoring
order, documenting information or providing
immediate service to the parties involved such
as in minor traffic accidents. (response time?)
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Operational Strategies
Emergency responses (or critical incidents)
occur in response to crimes in progress, serious
injuries, natural disasters and other
situations in which human lives may be in
jeopardy.
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Operational Strategies
Criminal Investigation dominates media
attention but constitutes a relatively small
proportion of police work.
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Operational Strategies
Problem Solving policing requires gathering
knowledge of problem causes, developing
solutions in partnership with the community,
and responding with a workable plan.
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Operational Strategies
Support Services are ancillary services such
as dispatch, training, personnel, property
control and record-keeping that keep agencies
running.
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• Police
• Management

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Police Management
the administrative activities of controlling,
directing, and coordinating police personnel,
resources, and activities.
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Styles of Policing

• watchman style
• legalistic style
• service style

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Styles of Policing
Watchman Style

• order maintenance
• controlling illegal and disruptive behavior
• considerable use of discretion

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Styles of Policing
Legalistic Style

• committed to enforcing the letter of the law

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Styles of Policing
Service Style

• Reflects the needs of the community
• Work with social services and assist communities
  in solving problems

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Police Community Relations

• 1960s A new style of service oriented policing
  emerged.
• Public-relations officers are appointed to
  Neighborhood Watch programs, drug-awareness
  workshops, etc.

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Police Community Relations

• strategic policing
• problem-solving policing
• community-oriented policing

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Community Policing

• The police derive their legitimacy from the
  community they serve.

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Community Policing

• A collaborative effort between the police and the
  community that identifies problems of crime and
  disorder and involves all elements of the
  community in the search for solutions to these
  problems.

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Community Policing

• Community policing is a two-way street.
• It not only requires the police to be aware of
  community needs, it also mandates both
  involvement and crime-fighting action on the part
  of citizens themselves.

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Police Discretion
DISCRETION CHOICE
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Police Discretion
Determined by
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• Professionalism and Ethics

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Profession
an organized undertaking characterized by a
body of special knowledge, and a well-considered
set of internal standards and ethical guidelines
that hold members accountable to one another and
to society.
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Professionalism and Ethics

• Law enforcement agencies increasingly require
  some college education.

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Recruit Screening

• personal interviews
• medical exams
• drug tests
• psychological evaluations
• agility tests
• written aptitude tests
• polygraph tests

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Diversity

• Ethnic minorities are now employed in policing
  in numbers approaching their representation in
  the American population.
• Women are still significantly underrepresented.

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Diversity

• Female officers have additional stress caused by
• family roles/parenting
• uncooperative male attitudes of male officers