Anticipated Outcomes and Gambling Behaviour

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Anticipated Outcomes and Gambling Behaviour

• Why we pay for chance to win

Mal Flack Charles Darwin University
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Overview

• Outline overall project/theory and discuss
  preliminary results
• The attractions to gambling An overview
• Introduce model
• Preliminary results anticipated outcomes and
  gambling behaviour
• Conclusion and Questions

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Aim and theoretical hypothesis

• Aim To explore the perceived benefits of
  gambling and investigate how they relate to
  gambling behaviour
• Theoretical hypothesis A range of anticipated
  outcomes will be related to gambling behaviour

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Key Attractions

• Winning (Money)
• Money as a primary motivation
• (e.g. Neighbors et al., 2002 Platz Miller,
  2001)
• Personal beliefs in the ability to win
• (e.g. Cantinotti et al., 2004 Mattson 2008
  Miller2008)
• Emotional Value
• The buzz and excitement
• (e.g. Pantalon, et al.2008 Rockloff Dyer,
  2006 Sharpe, 2004)
• Tune out, forget and relax
• (Diskin Hodgins,1999 Ricketts Macaskill,
  2003 Wood Griffiths, 2007).
• Social
• Socialisation
• (Cotte, 1997 Lalander, 2006 Ocean Smith,
  1993).
• Social influences
• (Larimer Neighbors, 2003 Neighbors et
  al.,2007)

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An Expectancy Based Model
Excitement
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Anticipated Outcomes
Excitement
Escape
Future Plans to Gamble
Gambling Behaviour
Anticipated Outcomes
Financial Benefit
Social Attraction

• Consumer and motivational based research compared
  to the anticipated outcomes measures proposed.
• Similar to proposed model although not quite as
  comprehensive
• Relatively new to the gambling field and to date
  focused on visitors to casinos and student
  populations
• Anticipated outcomes measures are modelled on the
  following papers Breen Zuckerman, 1999
  Chantal, et al.,1995 Gillespie et al, 2007 Lee
  et al., 2006 Lee et al., 2007 Walters Contri,
  1998)

Enhance
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Preliminary Study Sample characteristics and
procedure

• Sample N304 (167 female, 128 males)
• Mean age 37.16 (SD11.48)
• Vocation 66 working full-time, 12 part-time,
  8.6 students, 3.3 home duties.
• Most respondents engaged in some form of gambling
  within the last 12 months (91.1) and 28.3 once
  a month or more on some activity.
• Participants were recruited via adverts in local
  paper, letter box drops, web link placed on
  organisations web page, email and employees
  approached at two different gambling venues.

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Descriptive Statistics
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Descriptive Statistics
Mid Point 3.5
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Anticipated outcomes, plans to gamble and
gambling behaviour
SampleGambled more than once a year on any
activity except lottery (n176) All correlation
coefficients significant plt.01
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Predicting plans to gamble
Summary steps in Hierarchical Multiple Regression
Analysis Predicting of Plans to Gamble
Note ß significant at final regression
equation p lt .05, R2 Change Variance explained
at each block, Sig. F Significance change at
each block.
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Type of anticipated outcome and gambling
frequency
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Perceived monetary benefit by preferred gambling
type
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Perceived enhancement benefit by preferred
gambling type
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Perceived excitement by preferred gambling type
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Socialisation by preferred gambling type
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Conclusion

• Anticipated outcomes appear to reliably relate to
  plans to gamble and gambling frequency
• Differences in perceived benefits between
  gambling preferences
• Limitations

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References

• Breen, R. B., Zuckerman, M. (1999). 'Chasing'
  in gambling behavior Personality and cognitive
  determinants. Personality and Individual
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• Cantinotti, M., Ladouceur, R., Jacques, C.
  (2004). Sports Betting Can Gamblers Beat
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• Chantal, Y., Vallerand, R. J., Vallieres, E.
  (1995). Motivation and gambling involvement. The
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• Cotte, J. (1997). Chances, trances, and lots of
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• Diskin, K. M., Hodgins, D. C. (1999). Narrowing
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• Lalander, P. (2006). Swedish machine gamblers
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References continued

• Miller, N., Currie, S. (2008). A Canadian
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• Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T. W., Cronce, J. M.,
  Larimer, M. E. (2002). Exploring College Student
  Gambling Motivation. Journal of Gambling Studies,
  18(4), 361-370.
• Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T., Whiteside, U.,
  Fossos, N., Walker, D., Larimer, M. (2007).
  Injunctive Norms and Problem Gambling among
  College Students. Journal of Gambling Studies,
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• Ocean, G., Smith, G. J. (1993). Social reward,
  conflict, and commitment A theoretical model of
  gambling behavior. Journal of Gambling Studies,
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• Pantalon, M., Maciejewski, P., Desai, R.,
  Potenza, M. (2008). Excitement-seeking Gambling
  in a Nationally Representative Sample of
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• Platz, L., Millar, M. (2001). Gambling in the
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• Ricketts, T., Macaskill, A. (2003). Gambling as
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• Rockloff, M., Dyer, V. (2006). The Four Es of
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• Sharpe, L. (2004). Patterns of autonomic arousal
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• Walters, G. D., Contri, D. (1998). Outcome
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Acknowledgements
Amity Community Services Nicola Coalter