Topics 4649

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Topics 46-49

• EDEL 4109
• Dr. Nganga

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Concept Organizers, Graphic Organizers Concept
Maps

• Paper based formats
• Helps students develop schemata
• Helps students organize schemata
• Schemata diagrammatic representation, an
  outline or model

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Importance of Concept Organizers Maps

• Appropriate for most grade levels
• Visually enhance learning
• Accommodates different learning styles
• Easy to teach from use
• Model how to construct knowledge (teacher use)
• Students make/complete and then reconstruct
  knowledge.

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Lecturing Approach

• Graphic Organizers used as organizing schemes for
  lectures, overhead transparencies, handouts for
  students.
• Graphic Organizers are a valuable visual cure and
  model of how to organize concepts
• Select Organizers that are informative
• Create concept organizers
• See figure 46.1 page 336 for example.

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Active Learning Approach

• Looking at images
• Filling in graphic organizers
• Note taking
• Goal is to capture entire image in their mind.

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Topic 47 Group Learning
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Group Learning

• Powerful essential tool
• Teacher can change classroom temp
• Increase student participation
• Reduces teacher-centered instruction

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Breakout Groups

• Breakout Groups
• Used while lecturing or following an activity
• Short term goals
• Teacher Role
• Plan as part of the lesson
• Announce the task
• Assigns students to group of 2,3, or 4
• Walk around to ensure everyone is participating
  and answer questions.
• Students Roles
• Discuss the topic
• Devise answer
• Complete a graphic organizer
• Prepare presentation/demonstration

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Assessing Breakout Groups

• Each student should create their own graphic
  organizer to turn in
• Participation should be observed/graded
• Grouping Methods
• Paired sequences
• Pairs compare
• Group graphic organizer
• Student timeline
• For complete list see pages 340-341

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Cooperative Learning

• Cooperative Learning
• Effective group learning method that is very
  structured
• Students must master interpersonal skills
• Promotes thinking skills positive
  interdependence among students
• Key Elements
• Teacher supervision
• Heterogeneous groups
• Positive interdependence
• Face-to-face interaction
• Individual accountability
• Social Skills
• Group processing
• Evaluation
• Primary Cooperative Learning Model
• Page 343

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Topic 48 Practice Homework
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Practice and Homework

• Practice
• Guided and Independent
• Both should be included in all subject areas
• Guided
• Takes place in the classroom
• Teacher interacts with students
• Students consult with one another (no copying)
• Students are responsible for their own work
• Group and individual grades may be given
• Independent
• Takes place in the classroom or as homework
• Complete task without teacher assistance
• Best used after a guided practice
• Should involve procedural knowledge to new
  information knowledge
• Graded to ensure students take the assignment
  seriously.

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Teacher supervision of Practice

• Minimize responses to student questions
• Use the Socratic method to draw the analysis and
  conclusion out of the students.
• Socratic method technique in which the teacher
  does not give information directly but instead
  asks a series of questions.

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The dreaded H word

• Homework
• Form of independent practice
• Furthers the education of the students
• Value of Homework
• Advocated
• Improving academic performance
• Improving study habits
• Promoting efficiency
• Positive long term effect on academics
• Opponent
• Lack of supervision
• Less important than social/athletic activities
• Cuts into family time
• Parents dont see it as a priority

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• Goals of Homework
• To practice skills learned in class
• To learn baseline information in advance of a
  lesson
• To apply concepts learned in the classroom by
  doing projects
• To learn self-discipline
• Parents Duties
• Successful homework starts with parents
  cooperation.
• Monitor child to complete assignment
• Provide a specific place and time each day

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Teachers Duties

• Only homework that students should know how to do
  if they are paying attention in class will be
  assigned.
• Homework assignments will always be doable
  without the need for a particular expertise, if
  the child was paying attention in school.
• The assignment will be clear and definite, and
  the children will be able to do it at home, even
  if they do not have computers or other
  specialized materials.
• The amount of time students will be expected to
  spend on homework will be limited.
• Homework will be collected, read, and graded and
  feedback will be provided

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Topic 49 Individualized Instruction and
Learning Center
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Individualized Instruction and Learning Center

• Learning Centers, learning packets, and learning
  contracts are approaches to providing individual
  learning opportunities to promote independent
  learning skills.
• Individualized instruction
• Individual student responsibility for work and
  products. Involves consultation from peers and
  teachers

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Key to Individualized Instruction

• Teacher supervision is minimized
• Learning has specific, measurable, and optional
  objectives that allow for additional effort by
  students.
• Learners practice and exhibit life skills self
  direction, responsibility, decision making,
  resourcefulness, accountability, time management,
  creativity.

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Learning Centers

• Learning Centers
• High degree of planning and numerous resources
• Learning Center Approaches
• Permanent
• Temporary
• Whole Class

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• Types of Learning Centers
• Content
• Enrichment
• Reinforcement
• Exploratory
• Assessment of Learning Center Performance
• Station-based record keeping
• Student-based record keeping

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• Learning Packets
• Materials placed in individual packets for each
  student
• Used to organize projects and learning tasks
• Minimum set of tasks
• Learning Contracts
• Prearranged written agreement
• Student commits to specific learning tasks-time
  frame-grade
• Learning is self-directed
• Contract is unique to each student
• Helps build self control
• Sense of self satisfaction
• Contract should include
• Name
• Date
• Reason for Contract
• Due Date
• Outcome
• Signature of teacher/student/parent