Covering the Distance Faster

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Covering the Distance -- Faster
Sensors
RFID (AutoID Center)
IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee Alliance)
RAN
IEEE 802.22
WAN
3GPP (GPRS/UMTS) 3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000) GSMA, OMA
IEEE 802.20 IEEE 802.16e
IEEE 802.21, IEEE 802.18 802.19
MAN
IEEE 802.16d WiMAX
ETSI HiperMAN HIPERACCESS
LAN
IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Alliance
ETSI-BRAN HiperLAN2
3G
PAN
IEEE 802.15.3 UWB, Bluetooth Wi-Media, BTSIG, MBOA
ETSI HiperPAN
WiMAX
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What is WiMAX?

• WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for microwave
  access
• A technology based on an evolving standard for
  point-to-multipoint wireless networking
• The commercialization of IEEE 802.16 standard
• Expected to be the best solution for Wireless
  Metropolitan Area Network deployment
• Also the first BWA (Broadband Wireless Access)
  Solution
• Complies with the European BWA standard
• European Telecommunications Standards Institute's
  High-performance radio metropolitan area network
  (HiperMAN) standard
• The latest buzz in network options

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WiMAX Forum

• The WiMAX Forum was Founded in April 2001
• Non profit organization organized to support
  standardization and commercialization of 802.16
• Focused on promoting the commercial release and
  adoption of WiMAX technology
• Members include Intel (the biggest advocate) as
  well as wireless access system manufacturers,
  component suppliers, software developers and
  carriers around the world
• Products must comply with the WiMAX standards and
  document their security and interoperability
  before receiving Forum endorsement
• Formal process in place for becoming a WiMax
  Forum certified product

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Why Is WiMAX Needed?

• Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  (WiMAX) promises to fill in the gaps of Wi-Fi
  access and offer affordable broadband access
• IP-centric technology offering data rates up to
  75 Mbit/s in a 20 MHz channel (Most vendors will
  deliver data rates of 56-63 Mbit/s in a 14 MHz
  channel)
• Initially, WiMAX will be used as a backhaul
  technology to feed emerging Wi-Fi hotspot
  deployments and, possibly, 3G base stations
  (hence the interest and support from cellular
  carriers
• Within the next two years, WiMAX (802.16e) claims
  to offer metro-area portability for Internet
  access and drive carriers to consider overlaying
  it in urban areas

WiMAX is the latest, and most hyped, generation
of fixed wireless technology in years (Source
Pyramid)
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WiMAX and 3G

• Once the mobile chipsets and devices are
  available, WiMax systems for portable/nomadic use
  should demonstrate much better highspeed data
  downlink performance
• WiMAX standard emphasizes
• Interference rejection
• Spectral efficiency
• Multipath tolerance
• High Data QoS support
• Expected to offer much lower future equipment and
  support costs
• Cellular networks will likely retain their
  advantage for voice communication, but that may
  change with new technology and spectrum
  allocations
• Operates in both licensed and unlicensed spectrum
• 3G carriers may adopt hybrid infrastructure
  approach and incorporate WiMAX where appropriate

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802.16 Overview
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802.16 Extensions

• 802.16a
• use the licensed and license-exempt frequencies
  from 2 to 11Ghz
• Support Mesh-Network
• 802.16b
• Increase spectrum to 5 and 6GHz
• Provide QoS (for real-time voice and video
  service)
• 802.16c
• Represents a 10 to 66GHz system profile
• 802.16d
• Improvement and fixes for 802.16a
• 802.16e
• Addresses on Mobile
• Enable high-speed signal handoffs necessary for
  communications with users moving at vehicular
  speeds

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Basic Deployment Architecture
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What are they aiming for?
BROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESS
802.16/a Backhaul
802.16 LOS to fixed outdoor antenna
802.16e NLOS to MSS (laptop/PDA..)

• Fixed Wireless Access
• DSL to homes and business

802.16a NLOS to fixed Indoor antenna
802.16a NLOS to fixed outdoor antenna
MSS Mobile Subscriber Station LOS Line of
Sight NLOS Non Line of Sight
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Mobile Roadmap for WiMAX

• 802.16e

Ready this year
Ready in 2-3 years
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WiMax Certification
Focus on Interoperability from the start
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Addressing Security Issues Up Front

• Authentication and registration are part of the
  802.16 MAC common part sub-layer. Authentication
  is based on the use of PKI technology-based X.509
  digital certificates.
• Each Subscriber Station contains both a
  manufacturer-issued factory-installed X.509
  digital certificate and the certificate of the
  manufacturer.
• Privacy Sublayer uses privacy protocol that is
  based on the privacy key exchange management
  protocol of the DOCSIS BPI specification.
• PKM protocol uses X.509 digital certificates with
  RSA public key encryption for SS authentication
  and authorization key exchange.
• Traffic encryption uses DEC.

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Covering the Distance -- Faster
Sensors
RFID (AutoID Center)
IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee Alliance)
RAN
IEEE 802.22
4G Broadband?
WAN
3GPP (GPRS/UMTS) 3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000) GSMA, OMA
IEEE 802.20 IEEE 802.16e
HSDPA?
IEEE 802.21, IEEE 802.18 802.19
MAN
IEEE 802.16d WiMAX
ETSI HiperMAN HIPERACCESS
LAN
IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Alliance
ETSI-BRAN HiperLAN2
3G
PAN
IEEE 802.15.3 UWB, Bluetooth Wi-Media, BTSIG, MBOA
ETSI HiperPAN
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Carriers Wrestle With Getting to Full 3G and/or
Moving Beyond to 4G

• Two paths for cellular carriers
• Promote and adopt continual evolution of 3G
  air-interface standards in the cellular spectrum
  (via HSDPA) to 3.5G
• Support development of new Broadband
  Air-interface (4G) options that can operate in
  both licensed and unlicensed spectrum (via the
  IEEE standards)
• Unanswered questions

Can a 3G deployment evolve fast enough to
automatically become 4G ? Are the benefits of
true mobile broadband great enough to generate
clear ROI for its deployment? Could competitors
win away core cellular subscribers if carriers
dont enter the 4G race?
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Evolution to 3.5 and (maybe) 4G Using HSDPA Path
Rel 4
Rel 5
Rel 7
4G?
WCDMA Evolved
WCDMA
Enhanced Uplink
Wider Bandwidth
Enhanced Downlink (HSDPA)
Similar evolution in 3GPP2 (cdma2000)
HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
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What does HSDPA offer?

• Support for very high data rates
• Peak data rate ?14 Mbps (theoretical)
• Actual peak data rate depends on e.g. channel
  conditions

• Improved capacity
• 100-200 improvement for best-effort packet
  data (e.g. web-browsing)
• Improved capacity also for streaming services
  (?50)

• Significantly reduced delay
• Higher data rates
• Faster retransmissions

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Carrier Incentives for Moving to Mobile Broadband
As 4G Option

• New services and revenue opportunities
• Video and TV now seen as the new killer
  application for mobile
• 3G not really fast enough for true streaming
  video
• Grass is always greener in the next generation
  phenomenon..
• Better Quality of Service
• Improved end-user quality
• Improved overall efficiency when interacting
  with higher-layer protocols
• Higher capacity at lower cost
• Improved capacity and coverage with faster
  throughput
• More efficient spectrum utilization
• Reduced deployment effort and support costs
• Lower-cost equipment
• Assuming that there will be broad demand for the
  broadband base stations and devices

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Making WiMAX a 3G Evolution Alternative

• To drive market adoption beyond its backhaul
  application to Wi-Fi and voice applications,
  WiMAX (802.16e) will need to offer affordable
  broadband Internet access in a portable
  environment, plus
• Integrated voice services (toll-quality or equal
  end-user satisfaction)
• Complimentary mobile voice and data service
  outside of portable broadband (WiMAX) hotspots
• Affordable handheld devices (economies of scale)
• Value-added services equal to or better than what
  already exists from mobile operators (e.g., SMS,
  VMS, IMS, MMS, LBS, E-911, roaming, etc.)
• Seamless technology evolution
• Global Roaming
• World-class technical, billing, and customer
  service support
• To meet the above objectives, WiMAX access would
  most likely need to be integrated with an
  existing mobile service