Army Practices on Sustainable Construction

1
Army Practices on Sustainable Construction
2

• Steve Thibaudeau, P.E.,
• Civil Engineer

Brandon T. Martin, P.E., CEM, Mechanical Engineer
Presented by
Veronica L. Rife, P.E. Project Manager
3
Presentation Outline

• SECTION IPOLICY
• SECTION IIPROCEDURE
• SECTION IIIPRACTICE

4
Presentation Outline

• POLICY
• Federal Laws and Statutes
• Executive Orders
• DoD Guidance
• Army Guidance

5
Presentation Outline

• POLICY
• PROCEDURE
• LEED Implementation
• Energy Requirements and LEED
• MILCON Transformation
• MILCON and Reserve Milcon

6
Presentation Outline

• POLICY
• PROCEDURE
• PRACTICE
• Energy Systems
• Site Design
• Project Implementation

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Army Practices on Sustainable ConstructionSection
I - Policy

• Steve Thibaudeau, P.E.,
• Louisville District

8
SECTION IPOLICY

• Federal Laws and Statutes
• EPAct05 (Public Law 109-58)
• Energy Independence and Security Act 2007 (EISA)

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SECTION IPOLICY

• Federal Laws and Statutes

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SECTION IPOLICY

• Executive Orders
• EO 13031 (Alternative Fueled Vehicles) Dec 1996
• EO 13150 (Federal Workforce Transportation) Oct
  2000
• EO 13423 (Federal Environmental, Energy, and
  Transportation Mgmt) Jan 2007
• Guiding Principles for High Performance and
  Sustainable Buildings

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SECTION IPOLICY

• DoD Guidance
• 2004
• DoD Low Impact Development Manual (UFC)
• Green Procurement Program
• 2005
• Fuel Conservation
• Installation Energy Policy Goals
• DoD Instruction 4170.11 (EPAct)
• 2007
• Memorandum on EO 13423
• 2009
• DoD Instruction 4715.17 (Env Mgmt Systems)

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SECTION IPOLICY

• Army Guidance
• 2001
• SPiRiT
• 2005
• Energy Strategy for Installations
• Energy and Water Campaign
• 2006
• Transition from SPiRiT to LEED

13
SECTION IPOLICY

• Army Guidance
• 2007
• AR 420-1 Army Facilities Management
• IDG and MILCON Transformation
• Army Sustainability Initiatives
• Sustainable Range Management Plan
• Environmental Management System (EMS)
• Army Compatible Use Buffer Program (ACUB)
• Installation Sustainability Program

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SECTION IPOLICY

• No official Army policy on sustainability!

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SECTION IPOLICY

• Sustainability a sustainable Army
• simultaneously meets current as well as future
• mission requirements worldwide, safeguards
• human health, improves quality of life, and
• enhances the natural environment.
• (Army Strategy for the Environment, 2004)

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Army Practices on Sustainable ConstructionSection
II - Procedure

• Brandon T. Martin, P.E., CEM,
• Louisville District

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SECTION IIPROCEDURE

• LEED Implementation
• Energy Requirements and LEED
• MILCON Transformation
• Single Contractor
• Multiple Contractor
• MILCON and Reserve MILCON

18
LEED Implementation

• Federal law, executive orders, memorandums of
  understanding require specific sustainability
  features for all Federal facilities.
• Energy Efficiency and Accounting
• Water Efficiency
• Site Hydrology
• LEED is the tool that the Army is using to
  achieve sustainable construction.

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LEED Implementation

• All vertical MILCON construction projects w/
  climate conditioning for human comfort must be
  LEED Silver.
• All horizontal MILCON construction projects must
  implement LEED to the maximum extent possible.
  Climate controlled buildings must be LEED Silver.
• Ranges, Roads, etc.
• Renovations and Repair that exceed Garrison
  Commander authority and 25 repair to replacement
  ratio must be LEED Silver.
• Housing is scored using SPiRiT currently
  however, this may soon change to either LEED for
  Homes or NAHB National Green Building Standard.
• When construction does not meet above rules, it
  will incorporate LEED to the maximum extent
  possible.
• Opinion This means within the budget and time
  constraints of the project. Check 1391.

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LEED Implementation

• Government Validation of LEED Credits
• All projects require Government Validation of
  LEED score.
• Supporting USACE District reviews project LEED
  documentation and validates credits earned.
• Consensus on project LEED score from Directorate
  of Public Works, the Designer of Record, and
  Construction Contractor. USACE still ultimately
  responsible for scoring.
• ACSIM/IMCOM Validation Team selects small sample
  of project to validate FY08-FY09 and may continue
  in future.
• All projects required to be LEED Silver must be
  registered with USGBC. LEED Letter Templates
  must be used and documentation content must be in
  accordance with USGBC requirements.
• Additional documentation may be required in
  addition to that required by USGBC. Check
  contract requirements.

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LEED Implementation

• LEED Certification
• Certification is not required for most projects.
• 5 of FY09 projects will be identified and
  required to attempt certification by GBCI.
  (EISA-5 independent certification)
• Some Project Delivery Teams may choose to attempt
  certification using project funds.
• There is some discussion regarding attempting
  certification for all FY12 projects.

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LEED Implementation

• Guidance
• USACE Army LEED Implementation Guide
• USGBC and GBCI websites
• LEED-NC v2.2 Reference Guide
• Application Guide for Multiple Buildings and
  On-Campus Building Projects
• Credit Interpretation Request Rulings
• Innovation in Design Credit Catalog

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SECTION IIPROCEDURE

• LEED Implementation
• Energy Requirements and LEED
• MILCON Transformation
• Single Contractor
• Multiple Contractor
• MILCON and Reserve MILCON

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Energy Requirements and LEED

• DOE ruling on EPAct 2005 requires 30 energy
  reduction from a baseline developed in accordance
  with ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Energy Standard for
  Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
  for all new Federal buildings.
• LEED also awards points for energy reduction from
  the same baseline.
• To show compliance, an energy model must be
  developed and analysis must be performed. This
  can take significant effort and funding.

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Energy Requirements and LEED

• Complication DOE rules for calculating energy
  reduction differ from the LEED rules for
  calculating energy.
• Required to determine energy reduction by both
  sets of rules.
• Use one energy model for baseline building and
  one for proposed building. Results of analysis
  are manipulated at the end to show energy
  reduction for EPAct 2005 compliance and LEED
  Optimize Energy Performance Credit.

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Energy Requirements and LEED

• USACE Construction Engineering and Research
  Laboratory developed Technology Solution Sets
  for standard Army building types for each climate
  zone.
• Projects using the appropriate solution set
  automatically comply with EPAct 2005 30 energy
  reduction requirement.
• Enough data is provided to allow calculation of
  LEED energy reduction. This would be allowed for
  Government Validated LEED projects, but it is
  uncertain if this would be accepted by USGBC for
  LEED certification.
• For those facilities without a corresponding
  Technology Solution Set, an analysis must be
  performed.

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Energy Requirements and LEED

• DOE also requires compliance with ASHRAE
  90.1-2004. Whether there is a demonstrated 30
  reduction or not, the project must incorporate
  all mandatory requirements of the standard.
• Either the prescriptive requirements or energy
  cost budget method must be used to show
  compliance with ASHRAE 90.1-2004.

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Energy Requirements and LEED

• Further Complication LEED version 3 (2009)
  baseline building uses ASHRAE 90.1-2007 rather
  than 2004. Unified Facilities Criteria guidance
  requires meeting ASHRAE 90.1-2007 and using it as
  a baseline. EPAct 2005 still uses the 2004
  version as the baseline.
• This has not been addressed to date.

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Energy Requirements and LEED

• When in doubt about energy requirements, contact
  supporting USACE District.

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Energy Requirements and LEED

• Water, gas, and electricity are required to use
  advanced metering (connection to EMCS).

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SECTION IIPROCEDURE

• LEED Implementation
• Energy Requirements and LEED
• MILCON Transformation
• Single Contractor
• Multiple Contractor
• MILCON and Reserve MILCON

32
MILCON Transformation

• MILCON Transformation currently uses a standard
  Design-Build contract (RFP Wizard) to obtain
  construction services. The same contract
  requirements generally apply to all MILCON
  Transformation projects.
• These projects generally have the same LEED and
  Energy Reduction requirements.

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MILCON Transformation

• MILCON Transformation projects may use one prime
  contractor for an entire project.
• Some projects use multiple contractors. There
  may be a land development contractor and several
  building contractors. These are called bad
  boys.

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SECTION IIPROCEDURE

• LEED Implementation
• Energy Requirements and LEED
• MILCON Transformation
• Single Contractor
• Multiple Contractor
• MILCON and Reserve MILCON

35
MILCON Transformation

• Single Contractor Projects
• LEED
• Project is required to achieve LEED Silver
  certifiable.
• Project must be registered in LEED Online. LEED
  Letter Templates must be used to document the
  project. Documentation is required to be
  provided from the Contractor in accordance with
  USGBC content and format.
• A checklist of required submittals is provided in
  the contract. This may go beyond USGBC
  requirements for documentation. Note that some
  submittals may be incorrect for the credit
  however, contract still requires that
  documentation be submitted per USGBC
  requirements.
• Design Phase documentation is due with the Final
  Design Submittal. Construction Phase
  documentation is due at construction closeout
  however, it should be provided for review earlier
  to allow for Government Validation. Note that
  some documentation is required at design phase
  that USGBC would have required in construction
  phase.
• Some plans are required to be submitted in
  pre-construction phase. These involve
  construction management plans and procurement
  strategies.

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MILCON Transformation

• Single Contractor Projects
• LEED
• Contracts contain credit guidance for each
  credit. Basic Rule Do NOT assume that the
  Government is going to provide additional land,
  resources, or post-occupancy activities. Must be
  coordinated.
• Use Application Guide for Multiple Buildings and
  On-Campus Building Projects.
• The Government Validates credits.
• 5 of FY09, FY10, and FY11 projects will be
  mandated to be certified by ACSIM.
• Some Districts may choose to have projects
  certified. This decision could be made at
  project closing or later. Expectation is that
  documentation should be ready in accordance with
  contract.
• Check your contracts!

37
MILCON Transformation

• Single Contractor Projects
• Energy
• Comply with ASHRAE 90.1-2004 including Mandatory
  and Prescriptive Path requirements. Provide
  completed compliance forms from the standard.
• Achieve energy consumption 30 below baseline
  building meeting ASHRAE 90.1-2004 per Appendix G
  Performance Rating Method. Substantiating
  documentation is required.
• Purchase Energy Star or FEMP designated products.
  Motors should be NEMA Premium except for special
  applications.
• Solar Hot Water Heating is required for 30 of
  hot water requirements unless it is not LCC
  effective.
• Water, gas, and electricity required to have
  meters capable of wireless data transmission.
  Hourly data logging. Gas/electric meters provide
  demand readings based on consumption over maximum
  of any 15 minute period. Transmit daily.
  Applies only to Government utilities.

38
MILCON Transformation

• Single Contractor Projects
• Energy
• For specific building types (TEMF, Barracks,
  Dining Facilities, HQ, etc.) and all US climate
  zones, there are Technology Solution Sets. These
  should be included in the contract if available.
  
• Not loaded for all contracts yet if one is not
  available in the contract, contact USACE District.

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SECTION IIPROCEDURE

• LEED Implementation
• Energy Requirements and LEED
• MILCON Transformation
• Single Contractor
• Multiple Contractor
• MILCON and Reserve MILCON

40
MILCON Transformation

• Multiple Contractor Projects
• LEED
• Land Development Contractor is responsible for
  Site credits.
• Building Contractors are responsible for
  remaining credits.
• USACE must coordinate attainment of credits for
  both to ensure that project as a whole meets LEED
  Silver.
• Some contracts require a specific number of
  points by each contractor rather than total
  responsibility for LEED Silver.
• Energy
• Building Contractor responsible for any item
  powered through the building.

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SECTION IIPROCEDURE

• LEED Implementation
• Energy Requirements and LEED
• MILCON Transformation
• Single Contractor
• Multiple Contractor
• MILCON and Reserve MILCON

42
MILCON and Reserve MILCON

• MILCON project not using the RFP Wizard and
  Reserve Center projects will have project
  specific requirements.
• Contracts may be different for each project
  check requirements in contract each time!
• LRL uses a standard specification, 01 33 29.10 06
  LEED Documentation for Government Validation,
  that may be edited for either Design-Build or
  Design-Bid-Build projects.
• Basic requirements are the same as for MILCON
  Transformation, only the contract language
  changes.

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Army Practices on Sustainable Construction
Section III - Practice
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Presentation Outline

• Sustainable Design-Energy Systems
• Sustainable Design-Site
• Sustainable Measures on Projects

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Sustainable Design- Energy Systems

• Energy Reduction Requirements
• 30 Energy Reduction from Baseline (EPAct 2005)
• 14 Energy Cost Reduction from Baseline (LEED)
• 30 Energy Demand for Domestic Hot Water from
  Solar Hot Water Heating (EISA)
• 55 Reduction in Fossil Fuel-Generated Energy
  Consumption by 2010
• 100 Reduction in Fossil Fuel-Generated Energy
  Consumption by 2030 (EISA)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

46
Sustainable Design- Energy Systems

• ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Mandatory and either
  Prescriptive or Energy Cost Budget Method
  Compliance Paths
• Two ways to comply with EPAct 2005 30 Energy
  Reduction.
• Select features (insulation, window glazing,
  high-efficiency lighting and equipment, etc.) and
  perform energy and life-cycle cost analysis.
• OR
• USACE CERL Prescriptive Measures for Standard
  Building Types. No analysis required. (I vote
  for this one!!!)

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Sustainable Design- Energy Systems

• USACE CERL Prescriptive Measures for EPAct 2005
  Compliance

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Sustainable Design- Energy Systems

• UEPH Barracks
• TEMF Vehicle Maintenance (Garage)
• BHQ Brigade/Battalion Headquarters (Admin)
• COF Company Operations Facility (Admin/Storage)
• CDC Child Development Center
• DFAC Dining Facility

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Sustainable Design- Energy Systems

• USACE Prescriptive Measures can save 35 to over
  60 (neglecting plug and process loads).
• Measures are life-cycle cost effective.
• Save weeks of energy modeling and life-cycle
  costing.
• Easy to do quality control.

50
Sustainable Design- Energy Systems

• What are the energy saving features?
• Example Brigade Headquarters
• Attic Roof Insulation R-44
• Steel-Framed Wall Insulation R-13 R-7.5
  continuous
• Non-Swinging Doors (Overhead) U-0.50
• Windows
• 10-20 East/West and 10-40 North/South
• U-042
• SHGC 0.60
• South Overhangs
• Infiltration
• Prescriptive Measure 0.25 cfm/sf _at_ 75 Pa
• Average (CERL Tests) 0.55 cfm/sf
• Building Air Barrier and Testing

51
Sustainable Design- Energy Systems

• What are the energy saving features?
• Example Brigade Headquarters
• Interior Lighting
• 0.9 W/sf
• Electronic Ballast
• Perimeter Zone Daylighting Controls
• HVAC
• Packaged Single Zone Air Conditioners with 14.0
  SEER (3.52 COP)
• 90 Efficient Gas Furnace

52
Sustainable Design- Energy Systems

• What are the energy saving features?
• Example Brigade Headquarters
• Ducts
• Seal Class B
• R-6 Insulation
• Domestic Hot Water
• 90 Efficient Gas-Fired Storage Water Heater

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Sustainable Design- Energy Systems

• What are the energy saving features?
• Example Training Barracks
• Attic Roof Insulation R-50
• Light Weight Wall - Insulation R-25
• Mass Floor R-20
• Windows
• U-042
• SHGC 0.46
• Infiltration
• Prescriptive Measure 0.25 cfm/sf _at_ 75 Pa
• Average (CERL Tests) 0.55 cfm/sf
• Building Air Barrier and Testing

54
Sustainable Design- Energy Systems

• What are the energy saving features?
• Example Training Barracks
• Interior Lighting
• 0.9 W/sf
• Electronic Ballast
• HVAC
• 4-Pipe Fan Coil w/ Central Chiller/Boiler
  (Typical Efficiencies)
• SAT 55 F to 62 F
• Dedicated DX Outdoor Air System w/ 14.0 SEER
• Hot Water Coil from Boiler
• Energy Recovery 70 - 75 Sensible Effectiveness
• Supply Temp 75 F to 54 F
• Economizer

55
Sustainable Design- Energy Systems

• What are the energy saving features?
• Example Training Barracks
• Ventilation
• Laundry Room exhaust and supply systems separate
  systems. Only operate when dryers operate.
• Ducts
• Friction Rate 0.08 in wc/100 ft
• Seal Class B
• R-6 Insulation
• Domestic Hot Water
• 90 Efficient Gas-Fired Storage Water Heater
• Drain Water Heat Recovery for Showers (assumed
  30 recovered)

56
Sustainable Design- Energy Systems

• What other features are being used?
• Ground Loop Heat Pump Systems
• Water Source Heat Pump Systems
• DOAS with hot gas reheat and energy recovery
• Energy Recovery Wheels
• VFD for Air and Water Systems
• Ground and Water Source Heat Pumps for Domestic
  Hot Water (120 F temperature limit)
• Occupancy Sensors for Lighting
• Daylighting Controls
• CO2 Monitoring for Demand Controlled Ventilation
• Cool Roof
• Photovoltaics

57
Sustainable Design- Energy Systems

• Want the biggest bang for the buck?
• Want the HVAC, Lighting, Hot Water, Renewable
  Energy, Building Envelope Systems to work and
  actually save energy?
• Commission the Systems
• This is a LEED Prerequisite for a reason.
• Do it right
• Owner should hire the CxA
• CxA should start at design phase or earlier
• Make sure there are clear energy goals for the
  project (Owners Project Requirements)
• Inspections/Tests
• Test until complete

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SECTION IIIPRACTICE

• Sustainable Design-Energy Systems
• Sustainable Design-Site
• Sustainable Measures on Projects

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Sustainable Design-Site
LID
Low Impact Development
60
Sustainable Design-Site

• EISA 2007 now effectively mandates LID for
  federal projects
• SEC. 438. STORM WATER RUNOFF REQUIREMENTS
  FOR FEDERAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS.
• The sponsor of any development or redevelopment
  project
• involving a Federal facility with a footprint
  that exceeds 5,000
• square feet shall use site planning, design,
  construction, and
• maintenance strategies for the property to
  maintain or restore,
• to the maximum extent technically feasible, the
  predevelopment
• hydrology of the property with regard to the
  temperature, rate,
• volume, and duration of flow.

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Sustainable Design-Site
Low Impact Development (LID) is a design strategy
with the goal of maintaining or replicating the
pre-development hydrologic regime through the use
of design techniques to create a functionally
equivalent hydrologic site design. Hydrologic
functions of storage, infiltration and ground
water recharge, as well as the volume and
frequency of discharges are maintained through
the use of integrated and distributed micro-scale
stormwater retention and detention areas,
reduction of impervious surfaces, and the
lengthening of runoff flow paths and flow time.
Other strategies include the preservation/protecti
on of environmentally sensitive site features
such as riparian buffers, wetlands, steep slopes,
valuable (mature) trees, flood plains, woodlands,
and highly permeable soils.
Source LID Technical Bulletin Final Draft,
November 2005. Produced as a result of the
efforts of Virginia's Low Impact Development
Assessment Task Force
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Sustainable Design-Site

• Imitate nature.

or Use hydrology as the organizing principle for
site planning and layout.
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Sustainable Design-Site
NOT LID!
NOT LID!
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Sustainable Design-Site

• The Need for LID
• Conventional strategies are not working
• Loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat
• Polluted waterways
• Decreased recharge of streams, wetlands, aquifers

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Sustainable Design-Site
66
Sustainable Design-Site
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Sustainable Design-Site

• Excavation filled with engineered soil mix
• Herbaceous perennials, shrubs, trees
• Ponded water infiltrates within 72 hours
• Overflow outlet and optional underdrain

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Sustainable Design-Site

• Parking lot islands
• Median strips
• Rooftop runoff

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Sustainable Design-Site

• Grass pavers
• Paving stones
• Porous asphalt
• Pervious concrete

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Sustainable Design-Site

• Roadside swales country drainage
• Parking lots
• Opportunity for snow storage

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Sustainable Design-Site
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Sustainable Design-Site

• Rain Barrels
• Downspouts directed to tanks or barrels
• 50 50,000 gallons
• Excess diverted to drywell or rain garden
• Landscaping, car washing, other nonpotable uses

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Sustainable Design-Site

• No gutters
• Aquifer recharge
• Irrigate landscaping

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Sustainable Design-Site
Nashville USARC Pre-LID design September 2003
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Sustainable Design-Site
13.7 acres 2300 lf storm sewer
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Sustainable Design-Site
Raleigh USARC 1st LID applications September 2006
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Sustainable Design-Site

• Conservation
• 6.4 acres trees saved
• Minimized impact to wetlands

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Sustainable Design-Site

• Bioretention Cells
• Grass filter strips
• Small drainage areas

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Sustainable Design-Site

• Bioretention Cells
• Grass filter strips
• Small drainage areas

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Sustainable Design-Site

• Bioretention Cells
• Grass filter strips
• Small drainage areas

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Sustainable Design-Site

• Bioretention Cells
• Grass filter strips
• Small drainage areas

82
Sustainable Design-Site

• Bioretention Cells
• Grass filter strips
• Small drainage areas

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Sustainable Design-Site
Curbless pavements Vegetated swales
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Sustainable Design-Site
Downspout disconnection
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Sustainable Design-Site

• Raleigh USARC
• 17.9 acres
• 700 lf storm sewer
• Conservation
• Bioretention
• Curbless pavements
• Vegetated swales
• Downspout disconnection

86
Sustainable Design-Site
Niagara Fire Station November 2006 8 acres 550 lf
storm sewer
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Sustainable Design-Site

• Bioretention
• Curbless pavements
• Vegetated swales
• Downspout disconnection

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Sustainable Design-Site
Bioretention Cells
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Sustainable Design-Site
90
Sustainable Design-Site
91
Sustainable Design-Site

• Bioretention Cells
• Oversized for cold regions

92
Sustainable Design-Site
Curbless pavements
93
Sustainable Design-Site
Vegetated swales
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Sustainable Design-Site
Downspout disconnection
95
Sustainable Design-Site

• Ft. Drum USARC
• March 2008
• 18.2 acres
• 1100 lf storm sewer
• Bioretention
• Curbless pavements
• Vegetated swales
• Downspout disconnection
• Infiltration basin

96
Sustainable Design-Site

• Before LID
• Rochester USARC 14.5 acres 3700 lf storm sewer
• Nashville USARC 13.7 acres 2300 lf storm sewer
• With LID applications
• Raleigh USARC 17.9 acres 700 lf storm sewer
• Niagara Fire Station 8 acres 550 lf storm
  sewer
• Ft. Drum USARC 18.2 acres 1100 lf storm sewer

97
Sustainable Design-Site

• Before LID
• Rochester USARC 14.5 acres 3700 lf storm sewer
• Nashville USARC 13.7 acres 2300 lf storm sewer
• With LID applications
• Raleigh USARC 17.9 acres 700 lf storm sewer
• Niagara Fire Station 8 acres 550 lf storm
  sewer
• Ft. Drum USARC 18.2 acres 1100 lf storm sewer

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SECTION IIIPRACTICE

• Sustainable Design-Energy Systems
• Sustainable Design-Site
• Sustainable Measures on Projects

99
Sustainability from a Project Management Point
of View
Veronica L. Rife, P.E. Louisville District
100
Sustainable Measures on Projects

• Examples of Sustainable Measures
• Customer Issues with Sustainable Measures
• Contractor Issues with Sustainable Measures
• Successes with Sustainable Measures

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Sustainable Measures on Projects

• Examples of Sustainable Measures
• Customer Issues with Sustainable Measures
• Contractor Issues with Sustainable Measures
• Successes with Sustainable Measures

103
Sustainable Measures on Projects

• Examples of Sustainable Measures
• Customer Issues with Sustainable Measures
• Contractor Issues with Sustainable Measures
• Successes with Sustainable Measures

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Sustainable Measures on Projects

• Examples of Sustainable Measures
• Customer Issues with Sustainable Measures
• Contractor Issues with Sustainable Measures
• Successes with Sustainable Measures

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The End
Questions?