Evidence For Change Across Time

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Evidence For Change Across Time

• Biological Specialties

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Paleogeology

• Combines the study of Geology and Paleontology
• Earth History
• Fossils

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Relative Dating

• Cannot determine a Number of years of age
• Determines the relative age of a fossil or rock
• Younger or older than

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Stratigraphy

• Strata Layers
• Lower layers Older
• Upper layers younger

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Direct Dating

• Absolute Dating
• Determines a number of years of age
• Based on the decomposition of radioactive isotopes

• Many elements can be used
• Carbon
• Potassium
• Argon
• Nitrogen
• Uranium

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Evolutionary Biology

• Compares the anatomy of many different animals
  (comparative anatomy)

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Vestigial Structures

• Structures that have seemingly no use
• Whale Pelvis
• Snake femur
• Goosebumps
• appendix

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Evolutionary Biologist (contd)

• Homologous Structures
• Homo Same
• Similar structures in different organisms

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Developmental Biology

• Study of the growth and development of living
  things
• Embryology
• DNA

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DNA

• Genetic information
• Can compare DNA of different living things
• Closer same DNA more closely related
• Less same DNA not as closely related

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Embryology

• Studying embryos
• Animals before birth or hatching
• Early embryos resemble each other
• Those that look alike further in development may
  be more closely related

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Physical Anthropology

• Study of how humans have changed over time
• Compares bones and skulls of hominids to see how
  they could be related

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Skulls

• Brow Ridge
• Sagittal Crest
• Jaw Size
• Brain Capacity
• Teeth

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In Summary

• Age of fossils relative absolute
• Comparative Anatomy homologies
• Vestigial Structures
• DNA
• Embryology

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Remember

• Alone, each piece of evidence might not mean as
  much.
• When combined, there is an enormous amount of
  evidence that supports the theory that living
  things have indeed changed over time.