Title: Ambient Networks: Mobile Communication Beyond 3G
1Ambient Networks Mobile Communication Beyond 3G
Guest lecture in the course Distributed Systems
Uppsala University2006-12-05
- Anders Gunnar
- Swedish Institute of Computer Science
- anders.gunnar_at_sics.se
2The Network Vision
Services and Applications
New air interface
Download channel
DAB
Wireline
DVB
xDSL
IP based core network Networked services
cellular
WLAN
Return channel
GSM
IMT-2000
UMTS
Edge networks
Bluetooth, IR, UWB, Mesh Sensor, M2M, Dust
3Ambient Networks Strategic Objectives
- Scalable Affordable networking supporting the
dynamics of wireless access - Provide rich easy to use communication services
for all in a cost effective manner - Increase competition and dynamic cooperation of
various players - Allow incremental market introduction of new
technologies
4Network Challenges in the Wireless World
- Heterogeneity
- Terminal ? PANs
- Vertical ? Horizontal layering
- Network intelligence ?Edge
- Cellular vs. IP
- Multi-service, - operator, - access
- Affordability
- User in the centre
- Trust Model
- Always connected
5Outline
- The Ambient Networks Concept
- Components of the Architecture
- Technical Solutions
- Node ID Architecture
- Project organisation
- Project Partners
- Timeline
- Organisation
- Summary
6The Ambient Networks Concept
7Requirements posed on theAN Architecture
- Heterogeneous Networks
- Mobility
- Composition
- Security and Privacy
- Backward Compatibility and Migration
- Network Robustness and Fault Tolerance
- Quality of Service
- Multi-Domain Support
- Accountability
- Context Communications
- Extensibility of the Network Services Provided
- Application Innovation and Usability
8The Ambient Networks Idea
- Ambient Networks
- Common Control Services
- Networks at the edge
- Auto-configuration
- Scalability
9The Ambient Control Space
Ambient Control Space
10Framework Functions
- Concurrently operating functions communicate
through messages - Logically centralized registryfor information
aggregationand dissemination - Conflictresolutionand consistencymaintenance
11Realisation Architecture of the Ambient Control
Space
Ambient Applications
ASI
Composition Coordination
Bearer Overlay Management
INQA SLA Management
Composition Agreement Negotiation
Mobility Management
Composition Management
Active Sets
configure Onode
To other ANs
ANI
Triggers /Advertisements
Flow Management MRRM
NetworkManagement
Trigger Context Management
Security domain Management
Connectivity Mgmt Generic Link Layer
ARI
Ambient Connectivity
12CompositionConcepts
- A network composition is the negotiation and the
realization of a cooperation agreement among
diverse Ambient Networks. - Composed Ambient Networks cooperate, and appear
as a single Ambient Network to the outside. - The composition procedure is typically plugplay.
13Composition NetworkingExample 1
Ambient Networks composing to form an ad-hoc AN
scenario, flat composition
14Composition NetworkingExample 2
PANs compose with a moving network which provides
connectivity to a cellular network
Cell.
Train
PAN
PAN
15Composition NetworkingExample 3
Customers can roam into networks where operators
have made no agreements before
16AN bootstrapping
- Ambient Network Node (ANN)
- Embodies one or more Functional Entities of the
ACS - It is required to implement a basic ACS, which
encompasses a basic set of Functional Entities
including plugplay management, basic security
(incl. ID management), and continuous
connectivity - Exposes a basic ANI to allow communication
inside the cluster of ANNs
- Ambient Network (AN)
- Embodies all mandatory Functional Entities of
the ACS (a minimum ACS) - Composition is a mandatory Functional Entity,
which also contains the necessary AN-ID used to
identify the legal entities in a Composition
Agreement - Exposes a minimum ANI
- An AN is required to implement a minimum ACS and
a minimum ANI, but not limited to it
17Bootstrapping/Composition
ID
ANN
18CompositionProcesses and Procedures
- The process of Ambient Network Composition can be
applied recursively. - Composed network may compose again.
- An Ambient Networks may take part multiple
different composed networks concurrently. - Three basic phases
- Attachment
- Agreement negotiation
- Agreement implementation and maintenance
- Procedures of composition identified so far
- Composition creation/ extension
- Composition Agreement modification
- Decomposition
19The Node ID Architecture
20Goals for theNode ID Architecture
- Working across heterogeneous domains
- Treat dynamic changes in a scalable manner
- A consistent architecture
- Make technologies, address domains and
middleboxes first-order components of the
architecture - Support privacy, denial-of-service protection,
and an always-on security model - Strong incentives for migration and deployment
- Significant benefits for adopters even during
partial deployment
21Node ID Architecture Overview
Applications
Transport
- New assumptions
- Multi-point connectivity
- Untrusted environment
- Mobility
- Multi-homing
- QoS
NEW
Node ID
IPvX/L3
L2
L1
22Node ID Arcitecture Details
- The key design elements of the node ID
architecture are - Independent LDs
- Reliance on self-managed, cryptographic NIDs
- Hybrid routing (locatorNID)
- Router referrals to avoid a single administration
- NID-based e2e security, privacy, and
DoS-protection - Integrated local, e2e and network mobility
23Security
- Initial handshake ( HIP) provides an always-on
security model subsequent packets are protected - The handshake also has basic DoS protection
- Additionally, nodes can manage their NIDs and NID
routers in a Hi3-like manner to provide
network-based DoS protection - NIDs can be changed on the fly for privacy
reasons, and NID routers provide location privacy
24Assumption 1
- The network consists of individual Locator
Domains (LDs) - LD is one routing domain using (a) the same
locator namespace and (b) consistent routing
system - Within an LD nodes can freely communicate,
without relying on external mechanisms - For simplicity think of ANLD
25Assumption 2
- Connectivity between LDs is dynamic
- Routing changes, multi-homing or mobility events
of nodes or networks - We assume that there exists a stable core and
- mobility occurs at the edge
Core network
LD4
LD2
LD3
LD1
LD5
LD13
LD6
LD11
LD10
LD7
LD9
LD12
LD8
26Assumption 3
- No distinction between hosts and routers
- Traditional hosts can become routers, such as
when a phone becomes the router for a PAN
attached to the phone - Servers that act as forwarding agents for
mobility purposes
27Hybrid Routing
- We have routing on the LD internally (e.g. OSPF)
as well as routing on NIDs by the NID routers - This allows us to benefit from internal routing
and scales better - Still, handling NID routing in a completely free
form topology would be challenging - As a result, we assume a core and default routes
up a tree-like structure emerges - Different routing problems in (a) edge trees (b)
core -
- Use a routing hint to reduce routing state
- A hint to somewhere where the location of a Node
ID is known!?
28The Routing Hint
- A hint to somewhere where the location of a Node
ID is known!?
29Establishing connectivity
- DNS/Naming Resolution X
- A.LD1.com
- NID_A
- NID_NR3
CN
Lookup (default path)
Registration
Core NID router lookup service (DHT, table)
NR 4
LD 4
NR 3
LD 3
LD 6
NR 6
NR 1
LD 1
B
Well known default path
Known through registration
NR 5
NR 2
A
LD 2
LD 5
The Node ID architecture so far
30Mobility andMulti-homing
- Integrates local mobility, end-to-end mobility,
and network mobility - Even makes network-based multi-homing possible
(a)
(b)
(c)
31Routing Enhancements
- Route on LD_IDs instead of NIDs
- Enable use of multiple paths to core
- Capability aware routing
- Registration vs new routing protocol
- Disconnected operation
32 33Project Partners
Financed by the European Commission (50)
Budget 20 000 000 EURO
34Timeline of the Project
35Structure of Work in Phase 2
36Summary
- AN project provides a new networking concept
- AN Highlights
- Composition
- Modular ACS
- ASI, ANI, ARI
- Phase 2 will provide a comprehensive A N
prototype - This talk is available at
- http//www.sics.se/aeg/talks/uppsala061205.ppt
37Further Reading
- Project web page
- http//www.ambient-networks.org
- Deliverable
- D 1.5 AN Framework Architecture
- Paper
- "A Node Identity Internetworking Architecture",
Bengt Ahlgren, Jari Arkko, Lars Eggert and Jarno
Rajahalme. 9th IEEE Global Internet Symposium ,
Barcelona, Spain, April 28-29, 2006.
38Master thesis project
- www.sics.se/cna/exjobb.html
39- Thank you for your attention!!!