Before we start off

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Before we start off

• A little bit on my work

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EE 222 Course 1

• Objectives
• Explain the sequence, selection and repetition
  structures (know how and when to use them)
• Write simple algorithms using the sequence,
  selection and repetition structures
• Explain the problem-solving process used to
  create a computer program
• Analyze a problem
• Write simple flow charts, desk-check an algorithm
  

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Our contract

• On my side
• I am working with future engineers and leaders so
  I expect YOU to behave as such
• provide a safe environment for you to
• share ideas (your own) and stand by then,
• to discuss those ideas
• exert your critical thinking without fearing to
  be criticized
• I want you to critique NOT to criticize
• There are no stupid questions !!!
• So ask questions, a lot of questions and
• Pay attention because there are quizzes during
  the class oh yeah

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Our Contract (continued)

• On your sidevalues of the NAU and common sense
• diversity exert multicultural understanding
• integrity operate with fairness, honesty, and
  higher ethical standards
• civility engage with/ respect one another
• Work ethics attend classes, study, ask
  questions, do your homework, program just to gain
  more practice

5
Lets talk about money

• According to the 2006-07 edition of the
  Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH) published
  by the US dept of Labors bureau of stats
• when hiring programmers, employers look for
  people with
• who can think logically and pay close attention
  to details
• ability to work on analytical work
• ingenuity and creativity are important for the
  solution design
• able to work with abstract concepts and to do
  technical analysis
• work in teams and interact directly with users,
  and
• able to communicate with non-technical personnel
  

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Well, well, well

• The bureau of labors stats predicts the
  employment will grow as much as 8 between
  2004-2014
• The OOH reports that average annual salaries in
  2005 ranged from
• 52,500 to 83,250 for application dvp
  programmers/analysts
• 55,000 to 88,250 for software developers
• Okayyyyy!

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Introduction

• Computers appear to be amazingly intelligent
  machines, however
• They cannot yet think on their own
• Computer rely on human beings to give them
  directions
• _______are the directions given to computers
• _______ are the people who write computer
  programs
• _______________ write, maintain, and/or customize
  programs that handle a specific task
• _______________ write and maintain programs that
  help the computer carry out its _______________
  functions

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Brief history of programming languages

• Human beings communicate with each other though
  the use of languages such as tribal language,
  Spanish, English or French.
• Likewise programmers use a variety of languages
  called _______________ to communicate with
  computers.
• E.g., C, C, Java, Visual Basic, Perl, C, COBOL
• Types
• Machine languages
• Assembly languages
• High-level languages

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From basic to more evolved

• Machine languages or _______________
• E.g 00100 10100 11100
• Av no other program needed to give instructions
  to the computer no interpreter needed
• Inc 1) each type of machine has ____________
• 2) Cumbersome to program
• Assembly languages
• E.g ADD
• Av no use of 0 or 1, the programmer uses
  ________
• ________ are alphabetic abbreviations for
  instructions
• Inc requires an ________(also a program) to
  ________ __________ into ________, the 0s and
  1s that the computer understands
• Programming in assembly language tedious and
  requires highly training

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From more to highly evolvedHigh-level languages

• High-level languages
• e.g C, C etc
• Xxx Av instructions closely resemble the English
  language
• Ex grossPay hours rate
• High-level languages are more ________ than
  machine or assembly languages.
• In other words, the program can be used on very
  different machines
• Programs written in high-level language usually
  require a ________ (also a program), to convert
  English-like instructions into the 0s and 1s
  that the computer can understand.

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High-Level Languages procedure vs. object
oriented pg

• When writing a ________ -oriented program, the
  programmer concentrates on the ________ that the
  program needs to perform
• Examples COBOL, BASIC, C
• Real life Ex payroll program,
• Input employee data, calculate the gross pay,
  calculate the tax, calculate the net pay and
  output the pay check
• In a _______________ program, the programmer must
  determine
• -The ________ instructions to give the computer
  
• -the _____________ of the instructions

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High-level languages procedure vs. object
oriented pg (cont.)

• An ________ -oriented program requires
  programmers to focus on the ________ that the
  program can use to accomplish its goal
• Examples C, Visual Basic, Java, C
• Real life ex program written for the Windows
  environment use objects such as check boxes, list
  boxes, button etc.
• An object is an ________ that can be used in
  ________ one program, usually with little or no
  modification.
• Ex employee object, check object
• A check object used in a payroll program can be
  used in a sales revenue program (which receives
  checks form customers).

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Why object-oriented programming is so popular?

• The ability to use an object for more than one
  purpose save _____________ and ________ that is
  why object-oriented programming is so popular.

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Control structures

• Programs are written using three basic structures
• ________
• Used in ________ program you write
• ________
• Used in ________ programs you write
• ________
• Used in most programs you write
• Called ________ structures or logic structures

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Sequence structure

• This is what you do when you follow directions,
  in ________, from beginning to end,.
• Real life ex cookie recipe
• To have edible cookie, you follow each recipe
  instruction in order form the very first to the
  very last.
• Likewise, sequence structures in a computer
  program ________ the computer to process the
  program instructions, one after the other.
• In ________ program, this selection will be
  found.

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Course Lab 1 sequence concept

• Bob only knows walk, turn and sit
• He is 2 steps away from a chair
• Your job Get Bob ON the chair

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Course lab 1 - sequence concept

• An ________ a set of step-by-step ________ that
  _________________.
• Notice how important it is that Bob follows the
  instructions in ________ if he really wants his
  buttocks on the chair and not on the floor!

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Repetition structure

• Repetition structure directs computer to repeat
  one or more instructions until some condition is
  met
• Also called a loop or iteration
• The repetition structure directs the computer to
• 1- ________ one or more instructions
• 2- ________ some ________ is met.
• Real life ex shampoo bottles, directions tell
  you to repeat the apply shampoo to hair, lather
  and rinse steps until your hair is clean.

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Course Lab 2 repetition struct.

• Now hes 50 steps away from the chair. He knows
  walk, turn, sit and repeat x times.
• Questions
• What does he need to repeat?
• What will be the condition to meet?

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Course Lab 2 repetition struct.
Notice the indentation under the repeat x
times. Give me examples of repetition structure
_______________________________ What is the
difference between both while structures?

• So now, If you DONT know how far away from the
  chair Bob is, what condition needs to be met for
  him to stop?

_________________________________
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Selection structure

• Other name ________ structure
• Make a decision and then takes an appropriate
  action based on that decision.
• Real life ex
• You stop with your car at a yield sign you can
  either stop or proceed with caution through the
  intersection.
• In a computer program, the selection structure
  alerts the computer that a decision needs to be
  made and it provides the appropriate action to
  take based on the result of that decision.

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Course Lab 3 selection struct.

• Bob is holding either a red or a yellow balloon
  and is facing 2 boxes. One box is colored yellow
  and the other red. Now Bob knows drop the balloon
  and can recognize the color of the balloon.
• He knows if and otherwise
• 2 cases to study
• 1-The boxes are located right in front of Bob
• 2-the boxes are located 20 steps away from Bob
  Bob has to go to the boxes and come back to his
  initial location

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Course Lab 3 selection struct.
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Mid-class summary

• Programs step-by-step instructions that tell a
  computer how to perform a task
• Programmers use programming languages to
  communicate with the computer
• First programming languages were machine
  languages
• High-level languages can be used to create
  procedure-oriented programs or object-oriented
  programs
• Algorithm step-by-step instructions that
  accomplish a task (not written in a programming
  language)
• Algorithms contain one or more of the following
  control structures sequence, selection, and
  repetition

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Mid-class summary (cont.)

• Sequence structure process the instructions, one
  after another, in the order listed
• Repetition structure repeat one or more
  instructions until some condition is met
• Selection structure directs the computer to make
  a decision, and then to select an appropriate
  action based on that decision