1 The heart lies in the

1

• 1) The heart lies in the
• A) pleural cavity.
• B) peritoneal cavity.
• C) abdominopelvic cavity.
• D) mediastinum.
• E) abdominal cavity.

2

• 2) Contractions of the papillary muscles
• A) close the atrioventricular valves.
• B) close the semilunar valves.
• C) eject blood from the ventricles.
• D) prevent the atrioventricular valves from
  reversing into the atria.
• E) eject blood from the atria into the
  ventricles.

3

• 3) The following is a list of vessels and
  structures that are associated with the heart.
• right atrium
• left atrium
• right ventricle
• left ventricle
• vena cavae
• aorta
• pulmonary trunk
• pulmonary veins
• What is the correct order for the flow of blood
  entering from the systemic circulation?
• 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5 B) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5
  
• C) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 D) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4,
  2, 6 E) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6

4

• 4) The plateau phase of the cardiac muscle
  action potential is due to
• A) the movement of fewer sodium ions across the
  cell membrane.
• B) the calcium channels remaining open longer
  than the sodium channels.
• C) the increased membrane permeability to
  potassium ion.
• D) a decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing
  across the membrane.
• E) an increased membrane permeability to sodium
  ions.

5

• 5) During the cardiac cycle, the
• A) p wave of the ECG occurs between the first and
  second heart sounds.
• B) QRS complex of the ECG precedes the increase
  in ventricular pressure.
• C) third heart sound occurs during atrial
  systole.
• D) second heart sound coincides with the QRS
  complex of the ECG.
• E) both A and C

6

• 6) According to Starling's 'law of the heart',
  the cardiac output is directly related to the
• A) size of the ventricle.
• B) heart rate.
• C) venous return.
• D) thickness of the myocardium.
• E) end-systolic volume.

7

• 7) In which situation would the stroke volume be
  the greatest?
• A) when venous return is increased
• B) when venous return is decreased
• C) when the force of contraction is decreased
• D) when the difference between the end diastolic
  volume and the end systolic volume is small
• E) when calcium channel blockers are present

8

• 8) David suffers from a regurgitating mitral
  valve (insufficiency). This condition would cause
  
• A) increased cardiac output from the right
  ventricle.
• B) increased cardiac output from the left
  ventricle.
• C) fluid congestion in the lungs.
• D) decreased heart rate.
• E) decreased force of cardiac contraction.

9

• 9) What occurs at the area labeled "B" on the
  graph?
• A) AV valve opens B) AV valve closes
• C) Semilunar valve opens D) Semilunar valve
  closes
• E) Ventricular ejection occurs

10

• 10) What volume is labeled "G" on the graph?
• cardiac output B) stroke volume
• C) end-systolic volume D) end-diastolic volume
• E) cardiac reserve

11

• 11) What occurs at the area labeled "A" on the
  graph?
• A) semilunar valve opens B) semilunar valve
  closes
• C) AV valve opens D) AV valve closes
• E) ventricular ejection occurs

12

• 12) The following is a list of the vessels that
  blood passes through from the heart and back to
  the heart.
• venules
• arterioles
• capillaries
• elastic arteries
• medium veins
• large veins
• muscular arteries
• The correct order in which blood passes through
  these structures from leaving the heart until its
  return is
• A) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6. B) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7,
  4.
• C) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4. D) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5,
  6.
• E) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6.

13

• 13)The blood vessels that play the most important
  role in the regulation of blood flow to a tissue
  and blood pressure are the
• A) arteries.
• B) arterioles.
• C) veins.
• D) venules.
• E) capillaries.

14

• 14) Blood moves forward through veins by all of
  the following, except
• A) because the pressure in the veins is lower
  than in the arteries.
• B) because of contraction-relaxation pumping of
  the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
• C) with the aid of the thoracoabdominal pump.
• D) because valves in the veins prevent the
  backflow of blood.
• E) with the aid of contractions of skeletal
  muscles.

15

• 15) Vascular resistance is related to all of the
  following, except the
• A) length of a blood vessel.
• B) osmolarity of interstitial fluids.
• C) nature of the blood flow.
• D) viscosity of the blood.
• E) diameter of a blood vessel.

16

• 16) Blood pressure is commonly determined by
  measuring the
• A) size of the pulse.
• B) pressure in the left ventricle.
• C) force exerted by blood in a vessel against air
  in a closed cuff.
• D) degree of turbulence in a closed vessel.
• E) force of contraction of the right ventricle.

17

• 17) Each of the following will lead to a
  decrease in blood pressure except
• A) activation of muscarinic receptors.
• B) decrease in blood volume.
• C) decreased peripheral resistance.
• D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic
  peptide).
• E) increased levels of aldosterone.

18

• 18) Anxiety can result in
• A) increased stimulation of the cardioinhibitory
  center by higher brain centers.
• B) increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator
  center by higher brain centers.
• C) decreased heart rate.
• D) decreased blood pressure.
• E) both C and D

19

• 19) Which of the following contains the greater
  volume of blood?
• A) the normal blood volume of the arterial system
  
• B) the normal blood volume of the venous system
• C) Neither is greater.

20

• 20) Each of the following factors would increase
  peripheral resistance, except
• A) increased sympathetic stimulation.
• B) elevated levels of epinephrine.
• C) vasodilation.
• D) irregularities in the vessel walls caused by
  plaques.
• E) factors that cause increased hematocrits.

21

• 21) Edema would likely occur when
• A) the concentration of protein in the blood
  increases.
• B) hemorrhage occurs.
• C) the heart is an insufficient pump.
• D) blood hydrostatic pressure at the capillary
  decreases.
• E) the blood hydrostatic pressure in a capillary
  is equal to the blood osmotic pressure.

22

• 22.Vickie has a tumor that causes her to secrete
  excess amounts of the hormone ADH. Because of the
  elevated level of hormone she exhibits
• A) decreased blood volume.
• B) increased blood pressure.
• C) peripheral vasoconstriction.
• D) polycythemia.
• E) both B and C