Ventilation

1
Ventilation

• Nursing 2903
• Fall, 2005
• Carol Isaac MacKusick

2
Factors That Interfere with Ventilation

• Age older adult
• Decrease in vital capacity
• Decrease in respiratory muscle strength
• Reduced surface area in alveoli
• Alveoli lose elasticity
• Loss of chest wall mobility amount of respiratory
  dead space increases
• Decreased diffusion capacity for oxygen
• Lower oxygen levels in arterial circulation

3
Ventilation

• Age toddler and preschooler
• Concern aspiration of foreign objects
• Child and adolescents
• Smoking and use of tobacco products

4
Room Air

• Environment 21 oxygen in room air
• Decreases with increase in altitude
• Reaction to weather conditions
• Air pollution
• Pollens and allergens

5
Lifestyle Modifications

• Lifestyle and habits
• Smoking
• Drugs decreased respirations
• Alcohol decreased respirations and risk of
  aspiration if vomits
• Nutrition needed to produce hemoglobin and
  plasma proteins, to maintain competent immune
  system
• Adequate fluid intake keep secretions thin

6
Lifestyle Issues

• Body position
• Increased difficulty with obesity and pregnancy
• Activity and exercise
• Increased oxygen need

7
Impact of Ventilatory Dysfunction on ADLs

• Requires assistance with meal preparation
• Requires more time to eat and drink
• May need to change type of personal care (ex.
  Sponge bath)
• Need for elevated seats including toilet seats
• Needs Activity schedule that allows for rest
  periods
• Limit activities to at least one hour after meals
  
• Sit while performing basic tasks

8
Health Promotion Activities

• Prevention of respiratory infection
• Smoking cessation
• Reducing allergens
• Environmentally clear air
• Early diagnosis and treatment of respiratory
  illnesses
• Control of chronic diseases

9
Risk Factors

• Exposure to tobacco smoke
• Passive smoking
• Occupational exposure
• Ambient air pollution
• Genetic abnormalities

10
Nursing Management

• Patient education
• Breathing exercises
• Inspiratory muscle training
• Activity pacing
• Self-care activities
• Physical conditioning
• Oxygen therapy
• Nutritional therapy
• Coping measures

11
Promotion of Airway Clearance

• TCDB
• Suctioning
• Incentive spirometry
• Positioning
• Chest PT

12
Activity Time

• Break up into groups of 2-3 people
• Groups will listen and document breath sounds
• Groups will each complete one seminar exercise OR
  one critical thinking exercise
• Regroup after to share results