Culture of

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Culture of Marine Shrimp
By Leonard Lovshin Department of Fisheries and
Allied Aquaculture Auburn University, AL 36849 USA
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Major Culture Species
Pacific white shrimp Peneaus vannamei
Pacific tiger shrimp Peneaus monodon
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Native Range
P. vannamei
P. monodon
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• Pacific white shrimp biology
• Food habits benthic organizms, detritus
• Preferred water temperatures 25 to 30o C
• Preferred salinity 15 to 25 ppt
• Sexual maturity - 1 year

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Life Cycle
Adults spawn at sea, the eggs and larvae drift to
inshore estuaries where the juveniles grow.
Adults move back to sea to spawn.
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Marine shrimp have been harvested from coastal
waters, processed and shipped as frozen product
for many years. Shrimp farmers took advantage of
the infrastructure to market cultured shrimp.
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Shrimp postlarvae can be captured from the wild
Push nets
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Shrimp postlarvae can be produced in hatcheries
Nauplii stage
Mysis stage
Zoea stage
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Ocean
Mature adults for spawning in hatcheries are
captured from the ocean or raised in captivity.
captivity
broodstock
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Wild and hatchery produced postlarvae are stocked
into earthen ponds for grow-out
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Ponds should be built on salt flats, which are
covered during high tide twice a month.
Mangrove forest should be preserved. Mangroves
are flooded daily by the high tides
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Ponds are 5 to 10 ha in area, water depth
averages 1 m and bottoms are flat and slope to a
drain to aid shrimp harvest.
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Ponds are filled with saltwater pumped from
estuaries into canals that distribute water to
every pond.
diesel pumps
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Drain structures are monks or sluice gates
which control water level, top or bottom water
release and keep shrimp from escaping the pond.
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• Shrimp can be cultured
• Extensively
• Semi-intensively
• Intensively

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Extensive culture
Postlarvae enter the pond with the tide or are
stocked at lt 4/m3. Sometimes the pond entrance is
screened to limit entrance of predators. Water is
not fertilized and shrimp are not fed.
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Semi-intensive culture
Postlarvae are stocked into ponds at 15 to 25/m3
and are fed daily. Some water exchange is
practiced to maintain water quality.
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Shrimp are fed sinking pellets which are
distributed over the pond surface. Feeding trays
are sometimes used to help determine shrimp
appetite.
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Intensive Culture
Shrimp are stocked at 35 -250/m2 in tanks and
small ponds with heavy aeration and water
exchange.
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Intensive Culture
Ponds are fed daily
Shrimp are sampled weekly to check growth rate
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Expansion of pond area leads to poor water
quality and high shrimp mortality
Water intake pipes and effluent release in Taiwan
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Diseases have reduced the shrimp harvest in many
countries.
Black-spot disease
Taura virus
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Shrimp are benthic animals and live on the pond
bottom. Pond bottoms should be dried to oxidize
organic matter in pond mud before stocking
shrimp. Reducing organic material improves water
quality.
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Shrimp are harvested as they pass through the
sluice gate during pond draining.
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• Yields are
• Extensive 500 kg/ha/crop
• 2. Semi-intensive 1,000 to 1,500 kg/ha/crop
• 3. Intensive 10,000 to 20,000 kg/ha/crop

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Shrimp are transported to processors that freeze
the whole or deheaded shrimp in blocks of water
by size.
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Most cultured shrimp is exported to the U. S.,
Europe and Japan.
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The harvest of marine shrimp by wild capture and
aquaculture in 2000
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World harvest of farmed marine shrimp in 2000 was
1,087,111 MT
China 114,000 MT
India 73,000 MT
Thailand 204,000 MT
Ecuador 81000 MT
Indonesia 98,000 MT
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The East produced 90 of the world farmed marine
shrimp while the West produced 10 .
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Harvest of marine shrimp in the U. S. in 2000 was
4,782 MT, less than 0.2 of world harvest.
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Excellent markets and ease of culture has made
shrimp one of the fastest growing aquaculture
industries during the past 20 years.
THE END