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1
Welcome Back!
2
Humanities 1110 2008-2009 Greek and Biblical
Traditions

• Winter Term 20082009
• Unit 4 Hebrew Bible
• Amos, Jonah
• 4 March

3
Outline

• Prophecy Thesis
• Types of Prophecy
• Gear
• Commissioning and Mission
• 2 Samuel 11-12
• Prophecy as a Cross-cultural phenomenon
• Amos
• Jonah
• Moses the Paradigmatic Prophet

4
Outline

• Prophecy Thesis
• Types of Prophecy
• Gear
• Commissioning and Mission
• 2 Samuel 11-12
• Prophecy as a Cross-cultural phenomenon
• Amos
• Jonah
• Moses the Paradigmatic Prophet

• Critical Skills
• Literary Analysis
• Key texts
• Key word
• Conceptual Analysis
• Concepts
• Paradigm
• Definition by Example
• Cross-cultural comparison

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Prophecy

• Thesis
• Prophecy, occurring cross-culturally, is one of
  two means whereby a culture maintains contact
  with numinous forces through individuals, who are
  recognized by the community as specialists
  dedicated to this task.

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Prophecy

• Thesis
• (The other means is the priest.)

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Heaven
Priest Sacrifice
Prophet Oracles Signs
Earth
Under World
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Prophecy

• Numinous from Latin, numen divinity inspiring
  awe, fearranging from duppies to
• deities.

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Prophecy

• duppy restless ghost or spirit of the dead
  (Olive Senior, Encyclopedia of Jamaican Heritage,
  St. Andrew, Jamaica Twin Guinep Publishers,
  2003, 163.

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Prophecy

• Thesis
• Derivatively, a spokesperson for someone else who
  is in touch with the numinous sphere
• 13 But he said, Please, O Lord, make someone
  else Your agent. 14 The LORD became angry with
  Moses, and He said,

11
Prophecy

• Thesis
• There is your brother Aaron the Levite. He, I
  know, speaks readily16 Thus he shall serve as
  your spokesman, with you playing the role of God
  to him (Exodus 41-17 Please read.)

12
Prophecy

• Thesis
• Derivatively, a spokesperson for someone else who
  is in touch with the numinous sphere
• The LORD replied to Moses,See, I place you in
  the role of God to Pharaoh, with your brother
  Aaron as your prophet (Exodus 71)

13
Types of Prophecy Ecstatic

• 5There, as you enter the town, you will
  encounter a band of prophets coming down from the
  shrine, preceded by lyres, timbrels, flutes, and
  harps, and they will be speaking in ecstasy. 6
  The spirit of the LORD will grip you, and you
  will speak in ecstasy along with them you will
  become another man (Read 1 Samuel 101-13).

14
Types of Prophecy Ecstatic

• 5There, as you enter the town,
• you will encounter a band of prophets
• coming down from the shrine,
• preceded by lyres, timbrels, flutes, and harps,
• and they will be speaking in ecstasy.

15
Types of Prophecy Ecstatic

• and they will be speaking in ecstasy.
• 6 The spirit of the LORD will grip you,
• and you will speak in ecstasy along with them
• you will become another man (Read 1 Samuel
  101-13).

16
Types of Prophecy Ecstatic

• 14As the LORD of Hosts lives, whom I serve,
  Elisha answered, were it not that I respect King
  Jehoshaphat of Judah, I wouldnt look at you or
  notice you. 15 Now then, get me a musician.
• As the musician played, the hand of the
  LORD came upon him, 16 and he said, Thus said
  the LORD (2 Kings 314-17).

17
Types of Prophecy Oracular

• The words of Amoswho prophesied concerning
  Israel..He proclaimed (Amos 11-2).
• Hear this word, O people of Israel (31)
• The word of the LORD came to Jonah (Jonah 11).
• The word of the LORD came to Jonah a second
  time (31).

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Types of Prophecy Oracular

• The word of the LORD came to Jonah (Jonah 11).
• The word of the LORD came to Jonah a second
  time (31).
• A formula see also Jeremiah 141, for example
  The word of the LORD which came to Jeremiah
  concerning the droughts.

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Types of Prophecy Visionary

• This is what my Lord God showed me He was
  creating a plague of locusts at the time when
  the late-sown crops were beginning to sprout
  (Amos 71).
• This is what my Lord God showed me There was a
  basket of figs (81).

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Types of Prophets Institutional

• 5There, as you enter the town, you will
  encounter a band of prophets coming down from the
  shrine (Read 1 Samuel 101-13).

21
Types of Prophets Institutional Court

• 11 But Jehoshaphat said, Isnt there a prophet
  of the LORD here, through whom we may inquire of
  the LORD? One of the courtiers of the king of
  Israel spoke up and said, Elisha son Shaphat,
  who poured water on the hands of Elijah, is
  here. 12 The word of the LORD is with him,
  said Jehoshaphat

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Types of Prophets Institutional Court /
Freelance

• 11Elisha said to the king of Israel, What have
  you to do with me? Go to your fathers prophets
  or your mothers prophets (2 Kings 311-13).

23
Types of Prophets Institutional Court /
Freelance

• 12 Amaziah also said to Amos, Seer, off with
  you to the land of Judah! Earn your living there,
  and do your prophesying there. 13 But dont ever
  prophesy again at Bethel for it is a kings
  sanctuary and a royal palace (Amos 710-17).

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Types of Prophets Institutional Court /
Freelance

• 14 Amos answered Amaziah I am not a prophet,
  and I am not a prophets disciple. I am a cattle
  breeder (712-14).

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Types of Prophets Institutional Court /
Freelance

• 14 Amos answered Amaziah and I am not a
  prophets disciple
• 38 Elisha returned to Gilgal. There was a famine
  in the land, and the disciples of the prophets
  were sitting before him (2 Kings 438).
• 1Then the prophet Elisha summoned one of the
  disciples of the prophets (2 Kings 91)

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Types of Prophets Institutional Court

• 11Then Nathan said to Bathsheba, Solomons
  mother, You must have heard that Adonijah son of
  Haggith has assumed the kingship without the
  knowledge of our lord David. 12 Now take my
  advice, so that you may save your life and the
  life of your son Solomon. 13 Go immediately to
  King David and say to him, Did not you, O lord
  king, swear to your maidservant Your son
  Solomon shall succeed me as king, and he shall
  sit upon my throne? Then why has Adonijah become
  king? 14 While you are still there talking with
  the king, I will come in after you and confirm
  your words (1 Kings 111-14).

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Types of Prophets Institutional Court

• 1and the LORD sent Nathan to David
• 7And Nathan said to David, That man is you!
  Thus said the LORD, the God of Israel It was I
  who anointed you king over Israel
• 15 Nathan went home
• ( 25and He sent a message through the prophet
  Nathan (2 Samuel 121, 7, 15, 22).

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31
Gear

• Music
• Arm, with or without a rod
• 21 Then the LORD said to Moses, Hold out your
  arm toward the sky that there may be darkness
  upon the land of Egypt, a darkness that can be
  touched (Exodus 1021).

32
Gear

• Arm, without a rod
• 11 Then, whenever Moses held up his hand, Israel
  prevailed but whenever he let down his hand,
  Amalek prevailed. 12 But Moses hands grew heavy
  so they took a stone and put it under him and he
  sat on it, while Aaron and Hur, one on each side,
  supported his hands thus his hands remained
  steady until the sun set (Exodus 1711-12).

33
Gear

• Arm, with a rod
• 1 But Moses spoke up and said, What if they do
  not believe me and do not listen to me, but say
  The LORD did not appear to you? 2 The LORD said,
  What is that in your hand? And he replied, A
  rod. 3 He said, Cast it on the ground. He cast
  it on the ground and it became a snake and Moses
  recoiled from it. 4 Then the LORD said to Moses,
  Put out your hand and grasp it by the tailhe
  put out his hand and seized it, and it became a
  rod in his hand5 that they may believe that
  LORD, the God of their fathersdid appear to
  you (Exodus 4)

34
Gear

• Clothing 2 Kings 21-18 Elijah and Elisha
• Disciples of the prophets at Bethel (verse 3).
• 8 Thereupon Elijah took his mantle and, rolling
  it up, he struck the water it divided to the
  right and left, so that the two of them crossed
  over on dry land.
• 13 He picked up Elijahs mantle, which had
  dropped from him14 Taking the mantle which had
  dropped from Elijah, he struck the water and
  said, Where is the LORD, the God of Elijah? As
  he too struck the water, it parted to the right
  and to the left, and Elisha crossed over.

35
Gear

• The Prophets Body (living) 2 Kings 48-37
• and he the child died (verse 20)
• ..And place my staff on the face of the boy
  (29)
• Gehazihad placed the staff on the boys face,
  but there was no sound or response (31).

36
Gear

• 34 The he mounted the bed and placed himself
  over the child. He put his mouth on its mouth,
  his eyes on its eyes, and his hands on its hands,
  as he bent over him. And the body of the child
  became warm35 Thereupon, the boy sneezed seven
  times, and the boy opened his eyes.

37
Gear

• The Prophets Body (dead) 2 Kings 1320-21
• 20 Elisha died and he was buried. Now bands of
  Moabites used to invade the land at the coming of
  every year. 21 Once a man was being buried, when
  the people caught sight of such a band so they
  threw the corpse into Elishas grave and made
  off. When the dead man came in contact with
  Elishas bones, he came to life and stood up.

38
Gear

• The Prophets Ghost (dead) 1 Samuel 283-25
• 3 Now Samuel had died6And Saul inquired of the
  LORD, but the LORD did not answer him, either by
  dreams or by Urim or by prophets. 7Then Saul said
  to his courtiers, Find me a woman who consults
  ghosts, so that I can go to her and inquire
  through her14What does he look like? he asked
  her. It is an old man coming up,

39
Gear

• The Prophets Ghost (dead) 1 Samuel 283-25
• she said, and he is wrapped in a robe. Then
  Saul knew that it was Samuel15Samuel said to
  Saul, Why have you disturbed me and brought me
  up?

40
Commissioning and Mission

• 1 In the year that King Uzziah died, I beheld my
  Lord seated on a high and lofty throne and the
  skirts of His robe filled the Temple. 2 Seraphs
  stood in attendance on Him. Each of them had six
  wings with two he covered his fce, with two he
  covered his legs, and with two he would fly8Then
  I heard the voice of my Lord saying, Whom shall
  I send? Who will go for us? And I said, Here am
  I send me. 9 And he said, Go, say to that
  people (Isaiah 6 please read this chapter).

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Commissioning and Mission

• 8Then I heard the voice of my Lord saying, Whom
  shall I send? Who will go for us?
• And I said, Here am I send me. 9 And he said,
  Go, say to that people
• send in Septuagint (LXX) 3rd century BCE Greek
  translation, send is the verb apostello, from
  which is derived the English noun, apostle,
  used in early Christian literature to designate
  messengers bringing the message about Jesus in
  his letters, Paul designates himself as an
  apostle in the gospels the twelve followers of
  Jesus.

42
Commissioning and Mission

• And though I kept sending all My servants, the
  prophets, to them daily and persistently
  (Jeremiah 725).

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Commissioning and Mission

• 10Come, therefore, I will send you to Pharaoh
  11But Moses said to God, Who am I that I should
  go to Pharaoh? 12And he said, I will be with
  you that shall be your sign that it was I who
  sent you 13 Moses said to God, When I come to
  the Israelites and say to them, The God of your
  fathers has sent me to you, and they ask me,
  What is name? What shall I say to them? 14
  He continued, Thus shall you say to the
  Israelites, Ehyeh sent me to you15 Thus
  shall you speak to the Israelites The LORDhas
  sent me to you (Exodus 310-15)

44
Commissioning and Mission2 Samuel 11-12

• 2 Samuel 10-12
• 111 At the turn of the year, the season when
  kings go out to battle, David sent Joab with
  his officers and all Israel with him, and they
  devastated Ammon and besieged Rabbah David
  remained in Jerusalem. 2 Late one afternoon,
  David rose from his couch1226 Joab attacked
  Rabbah of Ammon and captured the royal city.

• 1 Chronicles 19-20
• 201 At the turn of the year, the season when
  kings go out to battle, Joab led out the army
  force and devastated the land of Ammon, and then
  beseiged Rabbah, while David remained in
  Jerusalem Joab reduced Rabbah and left it in
  ruins.

45
Commissioning and Mission2 Samuel 11-12

• David sent Joab (111)
• 3and the king sent someone to make inquiries
  about the woman
• 4David sent messengers to fetch her
• 5she sent word to David, I am pregnant.
• 6Thereupon David sent a message to

46
Commissioning and Mission2 Samuel 11-12

• Joab, Send Uriah the Hittite to me a
• and Joab sent Uriah to David.
• 12 David said to Uriah, tomorrow I will send
  you off.
• 14 In the morning, David wrote a letter to Joab,
  which he sent with Uriah.
• 18 Joab sent a full report of the battle to
  David.

47
David and Bathsheba2 Samuel 11-1225

• 22 The messenger set out he came and told
  David all that Joab had sent him to say.
• 27 After the period of mourning was over, David
  sent and had her brought into his palace she
  became his wife and she bore him a son.
• 121 But the LORD was displeased with what David
  had done, and the LORD sent Nathan to David. He
  came to him and said,.
• 1225 and He sent a message through the prophet
  Nathan .

48
Comments

• Davids desire is realized when he sent a
  message for Bathsheba to be brought to the
  palace to be his wife.
• The narrative divides into two equal parts.
• The beginning of the second part, the reversal at
  the mid-point is 121 But the LORD was
  displeased with what David had done, and the LORD
  sent Nathan to David. He came to him and said,.
  

49
Comments

• The omission of this narrative by the Chronicler
  implies that the Chronicler identified this
  material as a single literary unit, a short
  story.
• The verb send is used fourteen times this verb
  gives the narrative its forward motion. One
  character either sends someone somewhere, or
  sends a message to someone by a messenger.
• David is the chief sender. The messenger is the
  senders servant (subordinate).

50
Comments

• There is an inclusio with 121 at the conclusion,
  1225 where God sent a message to the prophet
  Nathan.
• Send appears once more in the frame-story
  Joab sent messengers to David (1227).

51
Comments

• Prophets are in the service of the divine, and
  carry messages from the divine to an audience.
• Prophet Greek, pro- phêmi. Pro can mean
  either before or on behalf of. A prophet may
  speak beforehand about a future event (Nathan re
  the child), but always the prophet speaks on
  behalf of his superior.

52
Comments

• The Greek translation of this text uses apostellô
  for send. The noun related to this verb is, in
  English, apostle. This word is important in early
  Christian literature, especially Pauls letters.
• In Latin, mitto, from which mission and
  missionary are derived.

53
Comments

• We can now better appreciate the text from
  Jeremiah
• And though I kept sending all My servants, the
  prophets, to them daily and persistently
  (Jeremiah 725).
• In prophetic narratives, 2 Samuel 11-12, for
  example, the divine is presented as fairly close.
  

54
Prophecy as a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon

• Identify Prophets in Non-Israelite Literature
• Cassandra in
• Agamemnon.
• Cassandra is the spokesperson for
• Apollo.

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Prophecy as a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon

• CASSANDRA Look out! look out! -
• Ai, drag the great bull from the mate! -
• a thrash of robes, she traps him -
• Writhing -
• black horn glints, twists -
• she gores him
  through!
• And now he buckles, look, the bath
  swirsl red -
• Theres stealth and murder in the cauldron, do
  you hear? (Agamemnon 1127-1131)

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Prophecy as a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon

• LEADER
• Im no judge, Ive little skill with the oracles,
• but even I know danger when I hear it.
• CHORUS
• What good are the oracles to men? Words, more
  words,
• and the hurt comes on us, endless words
• and a seers techniques have brought us
• terror and the truth. (Agamemnon 1132-1137)

57
Prophecy as a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon

• CASSANDRA Apollo the Prophet
• introduced me to his gift. (1206-1207)
• His fire! -
• sears me, sweeps me again - the torture!
• Apollo Lord of the Light, you burn,
• you blind me - (1269-1272)
• Irresistibility

58
Prophecy as a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon
Irresistibility

• 9 I thought, I will not mention Him,
• No more will I speak in His name
• But His word was like a raging fire in my
  heart,
• Shut up in my bones
• I could not hold it in, I was helpless.
• (Jeremiah 209)

59
Prophecy as a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon
Irresistibility

• 7 Indeed, my Lord GOD does nothing
• Without having revealed His purpose
• To his servants the prophets.
• 8 A lion has roared,
• Who can but fear?
• My Lord GOD has spoken,
• Who can but prophesy?
• (Amos 37-8)

60
Prophecy as a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon

• CASSANDRA
• Why mock yourself with these - trappings, the
  rod,
• The gods wreath, his yoke around my throat?
• Before I die Ill tread you -
• Ripping off her regalia, stamping
  it
• into the
  ground.
• Staggering
  backwards as if wrestling
• with a spirit tearing at her
  robes.
• See,
• Apollo himself, his fiery hands - I feel him
  again,
• hes stripping off my robes, the Seers robes!
• (1279-1287)

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Prophecy as a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon

• the rod,
• The gods wreath,
• his yoke around my throat?
• hes stripping off my robes, the Seers robes!
• (1279-1287)

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Prophecy as a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon

• PENTHEUS Its the prophet Teiresias I see in
  dappled fawnskins
• (The Bacchae 248)
• TEIRESIAS And he is a prophet, this god. For
  those who experience his power and those who are
  touched by madness possess no small measure of
  prophecy. When the god enters the body in full
  strength, he makes men mad and gives them the
  gift of prophecy. (297-301)

63
Prophecy as a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon
Mesopotamia

• Apart from mentioning a pseudo-prophecy in
  connection with the god Erra (Stephanie Dalleys
  introduction 282), there are no references to
  prophecy in Myths From Mesopotamia.
• Why? Hypothesis Unlike Israel, kingship in
  Mesopotamia is primary. As The Epic of Creation
  shows, as well as The Epic of Creation, the
  covenant is instituted and maintained by the
  king,

64
Prophecy as a Cross-Cultural Phenomenon
Mesopotamia

• whereas in Israel the covenant is instituted
  through the prophet Moses, and the first kings,
  Saul and David, are anointed as such by the
  prophet Samuel, who is directed by God to do so.
• Flood control, including dredging the canals,
  required kingship (Atrahasis, and Dalleys
  discussion (4-8) that is, a centralized
  bureaucracy. This geographical determinant is not
  a feature of Palestine and Greece (Dalley, 4)
  therefore, a different mythology and ideology.

65
Amos Amos

• Poetry in Amos (see Adele Berlin, Reading
  Biblical Poetry, JSB 2097-2104)
• 1. Parallelism
• 1.1. Two lines, synonymous 12
• The LORD (A) roars from (B)
  Zion,
• (A) Shouts aloud from (B)
  Jerusalem

66
Amos Amos

• Two lines with chiasm, implicative (?)
• 36 Thus said the LORD ,
• For three transgressions of Israel,
• For four, I will not revoke it
• Because they sold
• (A) for silver
  
• (B) Those whose cause was just, And
• (B) the needy
• (A) for a pair of sandals.

67
Amos Amos
68
Amos Amos
69
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70
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71
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72
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73
Amos Universalism God of Israel or of the
World?9

• And I will slay the last of themI will restore
  my people Israel (91914).
• 93 Note Serpent, here a mythical
  sea-creature namely?
• Structure of the cosmos (91-3)
• Inclusio Sheolbottom of the sea

74
Amos Universalism9

• Structure of the cosmos
• Inclusio Sheolbottom of the sea (91-3)

75
Amos Universalism9

• Structure of the cosmos
• Inclusio 96
• Who built his chambers in heaven
• And founded His vault on the earth,
• Who summons the waters of the sea
• And pours them over the land
• His name is the LORD.

76
Amos Universalism Inclusio 31-297

• 1Concerning the whole family that I brought up
  from the land of Egypt
• 2 You alone have I singled out
• Of all the families of the earth
• That is why I will call you to account
• For all your iniquities.

• True, I brought Israel up
• from the land of Egypt,
• But also the Philistines from Caphtor
• And the Arameans from Kir.

77
Amos Universalism9

• Inclusio
• 9194 And I will slay the last of them with
  the swordThere I will command / The sword to
  slay them.

78
Amos Universalism9

• Inclusio
• 9194 And I will slay the last of them with
  the swordThere I will command / The sword to
  slay them.

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80
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81
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82
Oracles in Amos 1-2 Rhetorically, the readers
are sucked into this passage (JSB 1178 n).
Damascus
Tyre
Israel
Ammon
Judah
Moab
Gaza
Edom
83
Narrative Construction of Jonah
Chapter 1 innocent(14)
Chapter 4 do not yet know their right hand
from their left (11)
Inclusio
Chapter 3
Chapter 2
84
Jonah Structure

• The basic structure of the book of Jonah is
  clear and quite symmetrical (JSB 1199).

85
Jonah Inner-biblical Interpretation Polemic

• The theme of innocence calls to mind Genesis 18,
  where Abraham debates with the divine being
  concerning the fate of Sodom and Gomorrah.
• 23Abraham came forward and said, Will You sweep
  away the innocent along with the guilty? 24What
  if there should be fifty innocent within the
  city will you then wipe out the place and not
  forgive it for the sake of the innocent fifty who
  are in it.

86
Jonah Inner-biblical Interpretation Polemic

• It is the polytheistic sailors in chapter 1, and
  God in chapter 4 who think it is morally wrong to
  punish the innocent.

87
Jonah Meta-Prophetic Narrative

• Typically, the prophet conveys a message from the
  divine to human beings for example
• And He said, Go, say to that people
• Hear, indeed, but do not understand
• See, indeed, but do not grasp.
• .
• Lest, seeing with its eyes
• And hearing with its ears,
• It also grasp with its mind,
• And repent turn and save itself. (Isaiah
  69-10)

88
Jonah Meta-Prophetic Narrative

• Jonahs oracle was Forty days more and Nineveh
  shall be overthrown (34), a proclamation of
  judgment only (12).
• The response The people of Nineveh believed
  God. They proclaimed a fast (35). Contrast
  Isaiah 6.

89
Jonah Meta-Prophetic Narrative

• The prophetic message of judgment and the
  possibility of repentance is uttered by the King
  of Nineveh (37-9)
• 8Let everyone turn back from his evil ways and
  from the injustice of which he is guilty. 9Who
  knows but that God may turn and relent? He may
  turn back from His wrath, so that we do not
  perish.

90
Jonah Meta-Prophetic Narrative

• The result of the message
• 410 God saw what they did, how they were
  turning back from their evil ways. And God
  renounced the punishment He had planned to bring
  upon them, and did not carry it out.

91
Jonah Meta-Prophetic Narrative

• The response of the divine was as much in
  response to the Kings edict (He had the word
  cried through Nineveh By decree of the king and
  his nobles No man or beast 37 as in
  response to Jonahs message.

92
Jonah Mode of Divine Activity

• In this narrative, the divine acts immanently
• The word of the LORD came to Jonah (11)
• But the LORD cast a mighty wind upon the sea
  (14).
• The LORD provided a huge fish to swallow Jonah
  (21).
• The LORD commanded the fish, and it spewed Jonah
  out upon the dry land.

93
Jonah Mode of Divine Activity

• The word of the LORD came to Jonah a second
  time (31).
• The formula The word of the LORD came to __
  divides the narrative in half.

94
Jonah Narrative Structure of 1-2
U
it spewed Jonah out upon dry land 213
down to Joppa 12
down to the ship 13 and note
down into the hold 15
overboard 115
from the belly of Sheol 23
95
Moses, the Paradigmatic Prophet
96
Moses, the Paradigmatic Prophet

• The Spokesperson as Intermediary
• Thus he shall serve as your spokesman, with you
  playing the role of God to him,. (Exodus 416).

97
Organizational Chart
98
Moses, the Paradigmatic Prophet

• The institution of the prophet, however, already
  implies a shift away from the immediacy of the
  divine, as shown in the creation narrative in
  Genesis 2-3, where the divine came to the garden
  for conversation.

99
Moses, the Paradigmatic Prophet

• Moses, in the Deuteronomist narrative, does have
  an immediate experience of the divine Never
  again did there arise in Israel a prophet like
  Moseswhom the LORD singled out, face to face,
  for the various signs and portents that the LORD
  sent him to display in the land of
  Egypt(Deuteronomy 3410-11).

100
Moses, the Paradigmatic Prophet

• You speak to us, they said to Moses, and we
  will obey but let not God speak to us, lest we
  die (Exodus 2016).
• Moses is the go-between, the intermediary,
  between the divine and the community.

101
Moses, the Paradigmatic Prophet

• The Spokesperson as Intermediary
• When Moses tried to get out of his prophets job,
  God became angry
• 13But he said, Please, O Lord, make someone
  else Your agent. 14The LORD became angry with
  Moses, and He said, There is your brother Aaron
  the Levite. He, I know, speaks readily

102
Moses, the Paradigmatic Prophet

• The Spokesperson as Intermediary
• Thus he shall serve as your spokesman, with you
  playing the role of God to him,. (Exodus 416).

103
Prophecy

• 10Come, therefore, I will send you to Pharaoh
  11But Moses said to God, Who am I that I should
  go to Pharaoh? 12And he said, I will be with
  you that shall be your sign that it was I who
  sent you 13 Moses said to God, When I come to
  the Israelites and say to them, The God of your
  fathers has sent me to you, and they ask me,
  What is name? What shall I say to them? 14
  He continued, Thus shall you say to the
  Israelites, Ehyeh sent me to you15 Thus
  shall you speak to the Israelites The LORDhas
  sent me to you (Exodus 310-15)

104
Prophecy

• 10Come, therefore, I will send you to Pharaoh
  11But Moses said to God, Who am I that I should
  go to Pharaoh? 12And he said, I will be with
  you that shall be your sign that it was I who
  sent you 13 Moses said to God, When I come to
  the Israelites and say to them, The God of your
  fathers has sent me to you, and they ask me,
  What is name? What shall I say to them? 14
  He continued, Thus shall you say to the
  Israelites, Ehyeh sent me to you15 Thus
  shall you speak to the Israelites The LORDhas
  sent me to you (Exodus 310-15)