Across the Boundary of Reading and Writing

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Across the Boundary of Reading and Writing

• By Ye-ling Chang
• National Kaohsiung Normal University
• t1225_at_nknucc.nknu.edu.tw

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I. Reading and Writing are Socioliteracies

• There is a triadic relationship of meaning
  construction in semiotics
• (Pirce, 1997) .

 

• Entrance
• Exit

Sign
Object Interpretation
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I. Reading and Writing are Socioliteracies

• 2. The connection between a sign and an object
  varies person by person.
• Therefore, different persons (e.g.,
• story tellers) may decode a word in
• different ways in different contexts of
• situations.
• (e..g., disk, mouse, e-mail, etc.)

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I. Reading and Writing are Socioliteracies

• 3. People can generate new thoughts and feelings
  of a sign.
• Therefore, it is all right for people (e.g.,
  listeners or readers) to do various responses,
  either oral or written responses, to a sign.

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12 Ways to Make Learning to Read Difficult(by
Frank Smith, 1973)

• 1. Aim for early mastery of the rules of reading.
• 2. Ensure that phonic skills are learned and
  used.
• 3. Teach letters or words one at a time.
• 4.     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
• 12. If the method you are using is
  unsatisfactory, try another. Always be alert for
  new materials and techniques.

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Four Ways to Make Learning to Write Difficult

• Aim for early mastery of the rules of writing.
• Ensure that writing models are learned and used.
• Teach writing and reading separately.
• Writing for unnatural purposes.

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Psycholinguistic Test 1
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Psycholinguistic Test 2

• c i i i n t t t e s s s
  h u y h p

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Psycholinguistic Test 3

• t s e t c i i i n t s s h u y
  h p

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Psycholinguistic Test 4

• t s e t c i i i n t s s h u y
  h p

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Psycholinguistic Test 5
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Psycholinguistic Test 6
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Psycholinguistic Test 7
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Using Visual and Non-visualFormation in Reading
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Your Inferences

• To be a good reader, you have to . . . .
• To be a good reader, you have to . . . .
• 3. To be a good reader, you have to . . . .
• 4. To be a good reader, you have to . . . .

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In intertextuality, both a reader and a writer
share genre knowledge and situated cognition
(John, 1997)
Factors in the immediate situation
Name
Communicative Purposes
Decoding (Reading)
Encoding (Writing)
Register
Text
Writers knowledge
Readers knowledge
Form
Content
Roles
Context
Inter-textuality Sources Discussions Previous
theories
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III.  Reading and writing for natural purposes

• Reading and writing for communicative purposes
• (Rhea, 1986)

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III.  Reading and writing for natural
purposesReading and writing for seven modes of
language (Halliday, 1978)

• 1. informational,
• 2. interactive,
• 3. regulatory,
• 4. instrumental,
• 5. imaginative,
• 6. heuristic, and
• 7. personal modes

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III.  Reading and writing for natural purposes

• Informational Purpose
• An On-line Ad

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III.  Reading and writing for natural purposes

• 2. Interactive Purpose
• Written Interview

 Student 1 What is your first ambition in your
life? Student 2 To be a traveler guide. That's
one of the reasons why I choose
English as my major. Student 1 I think that you
can be a professional guide after taking some
quality exams and getting a license.
What will you do after you
graduate from the university? Student 2 To be
an English teacher. I think I will have
sufficient time traveling.
Because teachers can always hold many traveling
activities in school. Student 1
Oh! It's great. You can combine your traveling
interest with your teaching
career.
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III.  Reading and writing for natural purposes

• 3. Regulatory Purpose
• Instruction or Direction

• No smoking
• Smoking is illegal in . . .
• You cannot smoke in . .

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III.  Reading and writing for natural purposes

• 4. Instrumental Purpose
• An Application Letter
• for a job or for an advanced study

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III.  Reading and writing for natural purposes

• 5. Imaginative Purpose

Mid-summer Dream gt Mid-summer Nightmare
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III.  Reading and writing for natural purposes

• 6. Heuristic Purpose
• An On-line Ad

Problem
Answer 1 (Advice 1)
Answer 2 (Advice 3)
Responses
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III.  Reading and writing for natural purposes

• 6. Heuristic Purpose
• A Problem-solving Project

Problem
Public speaking is the most daunting, scary thing
to many people and I am no exception. Whenever I
make a presentation on a stage, I am always
nervous and then forget to report many things .
How can I deal with the problem?
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III.  Reading and writing for natural purposes

• 6. Heuristic Purpose
• A Problem-solving Project

Dear Joyce, I have the same problem as you. I
always get nervous in a presentation, especially
in English. .. Here are some tips
for you First, you have to have appropriate eye
contact with the audience . . . .
Answer 1 (Advice 1)
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III.  Reading and writing for natural purposes

• 6. Heuristic Purpose
• An On-line Ad

Dear Joyce, To make a good presentation, you
have to be yourself. Dont worry about the
feeling of your audience. If you rehearse
your presentation several time at home, you will
..
Answer 2 (Advice 3)
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III.  Reading and writing for natural purposes

• 6. Heuristic Purpose
• An On-line Ad

My Responses to the Project It is
interesting to put myself into the others shoes
when thinking of some solutions to his or her
problems. From the procedure, I learned . . . .
. .
Responses
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III.  Reading and writing for natural purposes

• 7. Personal Purpose
• Writing an Reading Response to an article

The TV Habit It is time for
responsible parents to pull the plug on TV. 90
of TV programs shown today are a waste of time
and offense to any intelligent person. . . .
I agree with the author because
I disagree with the author because
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III.  Reading and writing for natural purposes

• Reading and writing provide their own rewards
  they help reinforce each other
• 1)   Individual literacy
• 2) Family literacy
• 3)   School literacy
• 4) Social literacy

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• Bridging the gap between reading and writing
  by doing meaningful and interesting activities
  (Appendixes)

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Reading and Writing ActivitiesCloze
Direction Please present perfect and past
perfect tense verbs with the words Since,
for, already and yet.
Even (1) ________ 1776, Americans have quoted a
famous statement from their declaration of
Independence All men are created equal. (2)
________ more than 200 years most Americans have
interpreted this phrase to include women.
However, . .
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Reading and Writing ActivitiesCreative Writing
Shoppinghttp//140.127.60.1248080/Writing-j7/sho
pping/shopping-01.htm
tea
coco
cola
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Reading and Writing Activities

• Making Computer Pals
• 1) A real pal
• 2) An artificial intelligence pal, ALICE
• 2. Joining Net Chats or Forum On-line
• 3. Joining On-line Reading Clubs

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Reading and Writing Activities

• Making Computer Pals
• Chatting With a Real Friend and a Robot
• ALICE http//www.pandorabots.com/pandora/talk?bot
  idf5d922d97e345aa1
• Sample Essay http//140.127.60.1248080/Writing-j
  7/comparison/comparison-06.htm

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Reading and Writing Activities
2. Joining Net Chats or Forum On-line http//163.3
2.83.90/vc/index.html
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Reading and Writing Activities
3. Joining On-line Reading Clubs http//140.127.60
.1248080/OLRC3/home.asp
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Reading and Writing Activities

• Doing Peer Evaluation

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Reading and Writing Activities 8 Mutual
Dictation 1
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Reading and Writing Activities 8 Mutual
Dictation 2
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Reading and Writing Activities 9 Writing an
Issue about a picture
STAY AWAY FROM THE MEADOW.
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Reading and Writing Activities 10Song-title-stor
y Writing
NIEHS Kids' Pages Index (http//www.niehs.nih.gov
/kids/musicchild.htm).
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Reading and Writing Activities 10Song-title-stor
y Writing Sample
Sample Writing Ronny's New Home By Pei-hsuan Lin
Two months ago, Ronny moved to the Red River
Valley for his new job--a repairman on the
railroad. His neighbors were very nice to get
along with. Miss Molly, an artist, brought him a
lovely Daisy Bell as a present. She helped him to
decorate his new house, painting the wall with
many Pretty Colors. Jack and Jill, the coworkers
of the railroad, lived in a big house next to
Ronny's. Knowing that Ronny lived alone, they
sent him a little dog to accompany with. They
Climb Every Mountain on holidays, having Happy
Talk with other people. Thanks to them, Ronny was
gradually familiar with this small town and had
great performances on work. With so many nice
people, now Ronny think maybe it's a good place
to stay  Forever and Ever.
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Conclusions

• Reading and writing are socioliteracies.
• Reading and writing are natural companions they
  can reinforce each other.
• A good language learner always learn how to read
  and write for 7 natural purposes.
• There is more than one activity to bridge the gap
  between reading and writing.
• 5. Practice makes perfect. (So, just do it.)

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Q-and-A

• ??????????
• Responses
• 1) Always do English responses in English
  classes.
• 2) Practice speaking English for natural
  purposes at school

???? Its time for cleaning. Lets clean up the
classroom.
???? Its time for flag raising. Lets go to the
ground right now.
???? Its lunchtime now. Lets get our lunch one
by one.
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Q-and-A

• 2. ??????????,???????,??????????????
• Responses
• 1) Self-questioning and answering
• Who are in the story?
• What happened to them?
• When did it happen?
• Where . . .
• How . . . .
• 2) Sketching
• 3) Predicting the following passges by
• referring to some key words or
  picature
• cues.

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Q-and-A

• 3. ????????,????
• Responses
• 1) Always keep diaries or journals.
• 2) Do model writing.
• 3) Write for 7 natural purposes.
• 4) Rewrite your essay with different
• expressions.
• e.g., John is a good person.
• (kind, considerate,
  patient, etc.)

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• Sample Text ATIONS
• By Shel Silversatein (A Light in the Attic)
• If we meet and I say, Hi,
• Thats a salutation,
• If you ask me how I feel,
• Thats consideration.
• If we understand each other,
• That s communication.
• If we argue, scream and fight,
• thats alternation.

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Q-and-A

• 4. ????????????,????????
• Responses
• 1) Always find something interesting or
• important to listen, to speak and to
  write.
• 2 ) Test the beauty and power of English
  
• through natural communication.
• 3 ) Reading is power and energy.
• 4 ) Sharpen your languages skills by tape
  
• recording and self-correction.

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Q-and-A

• 5. ????????????????????
• Responses
• Always learn key words in contexts.
• 1. Jack is gentle.
• 2. Jack is a gentleman.
• 3. Jack is ungentle.
• 4. Jack is not a gentleman.
• 5. Jack moved the chair gently.
• 6. Jack moved the chair gentlemanly.
• 7. Mary is a gentlewomen.
• 8. Mary belongs to the gentlefolk.

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Q-and-A

• 6. ??????????,?????
• Responses
• 1) Getting to know 8 syntactic units.
• a. Content units
• b. Function units
• 2. Getting to know morphological rules of
• derivation of English words.
• a. Nouns -tion, -ness, -er, etc.
• b. Adjs -tive, -y, -ful, -less, etc.

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Q-and-A

• 7. ???????????????
• Responses
• 1 ) Benefits
• (1) Efficiency
• (2) All-in-one
• (3) Audio-visual input in addition to
• textual input.
• (4) a good control of readability of words.
• (1000 w gt 2000 w gt .)

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Q-and-A

• 7. ???????????????
• Responses
• 2 ) Limitations
• (1) Poor ideas of the alphabet order
• (2) Learning passive words rather
• than active words.
• (3) No electricity, no service.

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Q-and-A

• More questions and suggestions are welcome.