Integument part2

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Integument (part2)

• Dermal and Epidermal derivitives

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Amphibian Skin

• Epidermis is multilayered.
• Two kinds of multicellular, alveolar glands.
• Mucous glands.
• Granular glands.
• Cutaneous Respiration
• Pigment cells in dermis

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Reptile Skin

• Epidermal scales (keratin).
• Both a and ß keratin.
• Reptilian dermis usually relatively thin.
• No mucous glands.
• Some Dermal bone (derived from dermal scales)
• Gastralia-generally found on abdomen
• Osteoderms-Carapace of Turtle

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Birds

• FEATHERS
• phi-keratin
• Found in other archasaurs- crocodylian claws
• Evolution still mysterious maybe from scales, but
  not likely as book presents it.
• Scales, claws, beaks
• Alpha-keratin
• Uropygial gland
• One of few glands in Birds
• Produces lipids and proteins for conditioning
  feathers

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http//fallon.anatomy.wisc.edu/feather.html
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Feather Evolution
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Mammal Skin

• Thick, especially the dermis.
• Glands.
• Sweat glands.
• Sebaceous glands
• Scent glands (derived from one of two type listed
  above).
• Mammary glands (also derived from one of the two
  types listed above, active debate as to which
  one).
• Hair
• Cornified epithelium

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Further Deriviations of Integument

• Hooves
• Claws
• Nails
• Horns
• Antlers
• Teeth