Lecture 24 Respiration

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Lecture 24Respiration 1
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Respiration

• Anatomy
• Mechanical measurements
• Compliance 3 kinds
• Full body plethysmograph
• Nitrogen washout
• Gas measurements pressures
• Compliance research

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Respiration topics

• Ventilators- high frequency type
• Oxygen pressures
• Henke visit high altitudes Spirometer tests
• Artificial lung
• Lung model random frequency testing

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Lung anatomyRuch Patton
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Lung anatomy
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Lung membrane
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Volume measures
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Pressure volume curves
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Pressure volume -breathing
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Spirometer
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Spirometer Collins type
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Other types
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Flow Measurements

• MVV- max voluntary ventilation max expiration
  in 15 sec
• FEV Force expiratory volume in 0.5 s (68), .75
  sec (84), 2 s (94), 3 s (97)

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Other Measurements

• WVI walking ventilation index
• MEF Maximum expiratory flow
• MBC maximum breathing capacity
• MMF Maximal mid expiratory flow
• Unequal distribution of flows
• RV residual volume

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Pressure volume curves
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Pressure measurements- note esophageal
pressureplural pressure
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Asthma

• Asthma is a chronic lung disease caused by
  inflammation inside airways that in turn makes
  them super-sensitive, narrowing in response to
  irritants that wouldn't bother a healthy lung.
  The result recurring episodes of wheezing,
  coughing, chest tightness and difficulty
  breathing. Attacks can be triggered by numerous
  things cigarette smoke, exercise, cold air,
  stress, viruses. Roughly 60 are triggered by
  allergens.

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Asthma

• There is no cure. But there are very effective
  medications that reduce inflammation and prevent
  flare-ups, especially if people also minimize
  their exposure to environmental triggers. Yet
  asthma still kills more than 4,000 people a year
  and causes 2 million emergency room visits and
  half a million hospitalizations.

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Treatment problem

• 1,000 asthma patients culled from a federal study
  of child health in Alabama, California, Illinois
  and Texas. Some 37 had not been prescribed
  preventive medication despite current guidelines.
  But 43 did have those

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Mechanical Model
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Type of compliance measurements

• Static compliance
• Quasistatic compliance
• Dynamic compliance
• Instantaneous compliance

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Compliance static model
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Dynamic compliance
C Volume/Pressure Volume integrate flow Press
difference at flow0
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Pressure volume curves
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Instantaneous compliance
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Compliance instantaneous
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Detector for respiratory cycle position
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Harry Puffer setup
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Pulse input
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Pulse stimulus
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Full body plethysmograph
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Measurement of airway resistance

• Dubois shutter method
• Measurement of pressure in full body
  plethysmograph using calibration Pump
• PVNRT gas law

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Air flow transducer - Pneumotachometer
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Nitrogen washout
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Air flow transducer
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