Quiz 3 Human Development

1
Quiz 3Human Development
2
Developmental psychology is the study of _____
changes that occur from conception to death.

• physical and perceptual
• cognitive
• psychosocial
• all of the above

3
Which of the following is not one of the three
major categories of developmental theorists?

• organismic
• mechanistic
• transactional or dialectic
• all of the above are major theories

4
Which of the following combinations is correct?

• organismic ? development results from
  environmental events that occur outside the
  individual
• mechanistic ? development results from
  maturational changes that occur within the
  individual
• transactional/dialectic ? development results
  from a combination of both internal
  (maturational) and external (environmental)
  events
• all of the above

5
If you were reading a book by a developmental
psychologist, and you kept encountering the words
maturation and stage, then the author of the
book was most likely a(n) _____ theorist.

• organismic
• mechanistic
• transactional
• dialectic

6
Which of the following students understands the
mechanistic theory of development?

• Nell The mechanistic theorists place great
  emphasis on distinct stages of development.
• Natasha Maturation is an important explanatory
  concept for mechanistic theorists.
• Dudley Mechanistic theorists place equal
  emphasis on both maturation and environment.
• Boris Many mechanistic theorists are also
  learning theorists.

7
An organismic theorist would say that
_____.

• nature is more important than nurture
• nurture is more important than nature
• nature and nurture are equally important
• none of the above

8
Which of the following is the correct
order of the three stages of prenatal
development?

• embryonic ? fetal ? germinal
• fetal ? germinal ? embryonic
• germinal ? fetal ? embryonic
• germinal ? embryonic ? fetal

9
The _____ during the germinal stage. 

• egg implants in the uterine wall
• zygote is created through fertilization
• placenta begins to form
• all of the above

10
If baby Huey is growing at his fastest
rate, he is in the _____ stage of prenatal
development. 

• germinal
• fetal
• embryonic
• zygotic

11
The visual cliff can be used to
measure an infants _____.

• attachment
• temperament
• depth perception
• stage of cognitive development

12
Cephalocaudal is to proximodistal, as _____ is
to _____.

• anxious-ambivalent, secure
• organized, disorganized
• inside to outside, head to foot
• none of the above

13
Bowlbys research on infants who had a secure
relationship with their mothers showed that they
went through three stages when they were
separated from their mothers. Which of the
following is the correct order of these stages?

• despair ? protest ? detachment
• protest ? detachment ? despair
• despair ? detachment ? protest
• protest ? despair ? detachment

14
Harlows research on attachment with monkeys
demonstrated that infants become attached to
their mothers because their mothers _____.

• feed them
• provide them with contact comfort
• prevent them from developing a disorganized-disori
  ented attachment style
• protect them from falling off the deep side of
  the visual cliff

15
If little Richard exhibits what Ainsworth
calls the anxious-ambivalent attachment style,
then he _____.

• is anxious when his mother is present
• does not like it when his mother leaves
• is not comforted by his mothers return
• all of the above

16
Which of the following terms refers to the
ways in which infants differ in the ways they
respond emotionally and behaviorally to their
environments.

• scaffolding
• attachment
• temperament
• identity

17
Which of the following parenting styles ?
parenting behaviors is paired correctly?

• authoritative ? lay down the rules and expect
  their children to follow those rules to the
  letter
• authoritarian ? give explanations to their
  children and encourage discussions with them
• indifferent ? spend a great deal of time with
  their children, but dont provide for their basic
  needs
• indulgent ? accept their childrens behavior
  regardless of what they do

18
Which of the following is the correct order of
Piagets stages of cognitive development?

• preoperational ? sensorimotor ? formal
  operational ? concrete operational
• formal operational ? preoperational ?
  sensorimotor ? concrete operational
• sensorimotor ? concrete operational ? formal
  operational ? preoperational
• sensorimotor ? preoperational ? concrete
  operational ? formal operational

19
A schema is a(n) _____.

• type of parenting style that produces
  well-adjusted children
• concept used by Kohlberg to explain moral
  development in children
• collection of ideas about the characteristics of
  persons, events, or objects
• important component in the construction of a zone
  of proximal development

20
According to Piaget, assimilation refers to _____
and accommodation refers to _____.

• the use of concrete concepts, the use of abstract
  concepts
• egocentric actions, the demonstration of object
  permanence and conservation
• interpreting new information on the basis of an
  existing schema, changing an existing schema on
  the basis of new information
• acting in a less mature manner, acting in a more
  mature manner

21
Homer is very set in his ways (i.e., he
doesnt like to change his mind or do things
differently than he has always done them).
Piaget would say that Homer is more likely to use
_____ than _____ in his everyday life.

• egocentrism, object permanence
• object permanence, egocentrism
• accommodation, assimilation
• assimilation, accommodation

22
Five-year-old Brad thought all girls were
yucky until he met Jennifer. He still believes
that the vast majority of girls are yucky, but he
thinks that Jennifer is so nice that he has
invited her to his birthday party. Which of the
following processes would Piaget use to explain
Brads sudden change of heart?

• assimilation
• conservation
• egocentism
• accommodation

23
Russells mother leaves the light on in the
hall when she puts him to bed. When asked why
she does this, Russell says its because she is
afraid of the big hairy gladiator who comes out
of the hall closet when it gets dark and prowls
around the house in search of people so he can
cut their heads off with his sword. Which of the
following terms would Piaget use to explain
Russells answer to this question?

• assimilation
• egocentism
• conservation
• object permanence

24
Although Henry had never seen sea gulls
before, he was able to correctly identify them as
birds when his family went to Hawaii on vacation.
Piaget would say that this is an example of
_____.

• accommodation
• release from egocentrism
• conservation
• assimilation

25
When children realize that the amount of a
substance does not change even though its shape
has changed, they have mastered the cognitive
process that Piaget calls _____.

• assimilation
• conservation
• accommodation
• object constancy

26
Four-month-old Julie has accidentally covered
her favorite toy with her blanket, and now she
seems to act as if the toy no longer exists.
Piaget would say that Julie had not yet developed
the cognitive skill called _____.

• conservation
• schema proximalization
• assimilative accommodation
• object permanence

27
During which of Piagets stages of cognitive
development can a child successfully perform a
scientific experiment? (Big Hint It is
necessary to test a hypothesis in a systematic
manner in order to perform a scientific
experiment.)

• sensorimotor
• preoperational
• concrete operational
• formal operational

28
Which of the following is a criticism of
Piagets theory?

• Object permanence may exist from birth.
• Children may go through Piagets stages of
  development faster than he thought.
• His theory neglects the social and emotional
  changes that can influence intellectual
  development.
• all of the above

29
Which of the following is the best teacher
according to Vygotsky?

• Ms. Spears, who provides no help to her students
  because she believes that people learn best on
  their own.
• Ms. Carey, who provides constant help to her
  students because she believes that people cant
  learn unless they are continuously helped by
  others.
• Ms. Houston, who helps her students at first, but
  then requires them to work more and more on their
  own because she believes that people learn best
  when they are provided with initial help and then
  allowed to learn more independently.
• Vygotsky would say they are all equally good
  teachers.

30
When Jims friend asked him why he goes to
church every Sunday, Jim answered him by saying
If I dont go to church every Sunday, God will
punish me by sending me straight to Hell! Jim
is operating at the _____ level of Kohlbergs
theory of moral development.

• conventional
• postconventional
• preconventional
• unconventional

31
Which of the following stage ? focus
combinations is correct for Kohlbergs theory of
moral development?

• preconventional ? personal code of ethics
• conventional ? societal rules
• postconventional ? external authority
• all of the above

32
According to Erik Erikson, people _____.

• base their moral judgments on social awareness
  and sensitivity, rather than on cognitive skills
• are driven to develop by an internal need to
  compete with others
• seldom reach self-actualization because of an
  inability to adapt to the complexities of their
  social environments
• pass through eight psychosocial stages or crises
  during their lives

33
Which of the following statements about American
adolescent risk-taking is true?

• 25 of females under the age of 18 have been
  pregnant at least once.
• 25 of adolescents are at risk for school
  failure.
• Adolescents account for 2.5 times the number of
  nontraffic-related arrests based on the
  proportion of adolescents in the general
  population.
• all of the above

34
Which of the following students has not
remembered the information about the four
principles of adolescence given in your textbook?

• Monica Adolescence is a time of almost
  continual change.
• Joey The environment has a major impact on
  adolescents and their adjustment.
• Phoebe Both internal and external factors are
  important in understanding adolescent
  development.
• Chandler Adolescents are a very homogenous
  group because they dont differ from each other
  very much.

35
According to the person-environment fit theory,
problems occur when _____.

• an adolescent spends too much time imitating
  other people and not enough time adapting to the
  environment
• the people in an adolescents environment do not
  provide sufficient support or guidance
• an adolescent is concerned more about
  environmental issues (e.g., recycling) than about
  the important people in her/his life (e.g.,
  parents and siblings)
• the demands of the environment exceed the
  capabilities of an adolescent to adapt to it

36
If you participated in an experiment in which
you were given a vocabulary test every two years,
then you would be in an experiment known as a
_____ design.

• longitudinal
• cross-sectional
• sequential
• either a or c

37
Which of the following adolescents is paired with
her/his correct identity status according to
Marcia?

• Identity moratorium ?Matthews parents always
  wanted him to get married and have lot of kids.
  After a great deal of difficult decision making,
  Matthew has enrolled in a seminary to become a
  Catholic priest.
• Identity diffusion ? Luke goes to a different
  church each week, but has never found the one he
  wants to join.
• Identity achievement ? Whenever someone asks John
  what he is going to do after graduation, he
  always says, I dont have the faintest idea.
  Ill just take the first job that comes along.
  Im sure it will be fine.
• Identify foreclosure ? Mark wants to be an
  accountant so he can join his father and his
  grandfather in their successful accounting
  business.