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The National Special Education Research Agenda: Inside the Matrix

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Title: The National Special Education Research Agenda: Inside the Matrix


1
The National Special Education Research Agenda
Inside the Matrix
2
The National Center for Special Education
Research (NCSER) in the Institute of Education
Sciences (IES) ButWhat exactly is the
Institute of Education Sciences? (And, what
happened to OSERS and OSEP?)
3
IDEA Reauthorization in 2004
  • Amended the The Education Sciences Reform Act of
    2002 to establish the National Center for Special
    Education Research in the Institute of Education
    Sciences (IES)
  • Transferred responsibility for special education
    research and Studies and Evaluations (except
    for the Annual Report) from the Office of Special
    Education Programs to NCSER.

4
The Charge Legislative Branch
  • Research, statistical, and evaluation
    activities supported by the Institute shall
    apply rigorous, systematic, and objective
    methodology to obtain reliable and valid
    knowledge and present findings and make claims
    that are appropriate to and supported by the
    methods that have been employed. (ESRA, 2002)

5
IES Goals
  • develop or identify programs, practices,
    policies, and approaches that enhance academic
    achievement and that can be widely deployed
  • identify what does not work and what is
    problematic, and thereby encourage innovation and
    further research
  • gain fundamental understanding of the processes
    that underlie variations in the effectiveness of
    education programs
  • develop delivery systems for the results of
    education research that will be routinely used by
    practitioners and the public when making
    education decisions

6
Organizational Structure
Office of the Director Grover J. Whitehurst,
Director
National Board for Education Sciences Robert C.
Granger, Chair Sonia Chessen, Executive Director
Office of Science Andrew White, Deputy
Director for Science
Office of Administration and Policy Sue
Betka, Deputy Director for Administration and
Policy
Office of Communication and Outreach Mike
Bowler, Director of Communications and Outreach
Office of Information Technology Gerald
Malitz, Chief Information Technology Officer
7
Organizational Structure
Office of the Director Grover J. Whitehurst,
Director
National Board for Education Sciences Robert C.
Granger, Chair Sonia Chessen, Executive Director
National Center for Education Evaluation and
Regional Assistance Phoebe Cottingham, Commissione
r
National Center for Education Research Lynn
Okagaki, Commissioner
National Center for Education Statistics Mark
Schneider, Commissioner
National Center for Special Education
Research Edward J. Kameenui, Commissioner
8
The National Center for Special Education
Research (NCSER) in The Institute of Education
Sciences (IES)In Appreciation of Hartleys
First Law
9
Hartleys First Law
  • You can lead a horse to water,
  • but if you can get him to float on his back,
    youve got something.
  • Bloch, A. (1982). Murphys law and other reasons
    why things go wrong. LA Price/Stern/Sloan
    Publishers, Inc.

10
Five Organizing Principles
  • for
  • National Center for Special Education Research in
    the
  • Institute of Education Sciences

11
NCSER Organizing Principles
  • 1. The science must come first--

12
Ode to Feynman
This phenomenon of having a memory for the race,
of having an accumulated knowledge passable from
one generation to another, was new in the world.
But it had a disease in it. It was possible to
pass on mistaken ideas. It was possible to pass
on ideas which were not profitable for the race
Then a way of avoiding the disease was
discovered And that is what science is the
result of the discovery that it is worthwhile
rechecking by new direct experience, and not
necessarily trusting the race experience from the
past (p. 185).
Richard P. Feynman (1999). The pleasure of
finding things out. Cambridge, MA Perseus
Publishing.
13
Weve done wellnow theres an opportunity to
really be amazing--to be amazing as a business,
to be amazing in the positive impact that we have
on society. But we have to do some things a
little bit differently to be as amazing as we
hope we can be. Steve Ballmer, CEO,
MicrosoftBusiness Week, June 17, 2002
(http//www.business week.com/magazine/content/02_
24/b3787001.htm)
Invoking the Ballmer Standard
14
NCSER Organizing Principles
  • 1. The science must come first--and it must be
    the best, perhaps even amazing.

15
Methodological Statistical Issues
  • Traditional issues Highly nested nature of
    student performance in complex systems that
    provoke complex interactions among range of
    variables (familial, social, pedagogical,
    curricular, organizational) compounded by
    heterogeneity of student characteristics/performan
    ce comorbidity.
  • Quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) of
    single-case research to identify effective
    educational interventions
  • Statistical power for random assignment
    evaluations of programs and interventions etc.

16
Evidence-based Education
  • Using the best available empirical evidence in
    making decisions about education

-- Particularly for students with disabilities
17
IES NCSER Practice (TA D)
  • Simple Formula
  • 1. R - TA D Irrelevant
  • 2. TA D - R Irresponsible
  • 3. R TA D Relevant Responsible
  • What Does This Mean?
  • Levels of evidence process mechanisms

18
Levels of Evidence on What Works
  1. Meta-analyses of high quality evidence
  2. Experiments and well designed quasi-experiments
    using WWC standards (including small n designs)
  3. Statistical modeling of correlational and
    longitudinal data
  4. Best practice studies with matching and
    contrastive analysis
  5. Expert opinion supported by conceptual models and
    generalizations from high quality research on
    related topics
  6. Simple correlational studies, case studies,
    pre-post studies, and best practice studies w/o
    matching

19
What Can CEC Do?
  • Establish a Scientific Advisory Council to
    anchor the primacy of science in CEC
  • Advocate insist upon rigorous scientific
    standards in special education research TA D
    (and within organization)
  • Adopt levels of evidence to adjudicate/promote
    research-to-practice translation
  • Launch a public awareness campaign to inform
    parents about importance of science

20
Presidents FY 2006 Education Final
Appropriations (in millions of dollars)
  • Title I Grants to LEAs 12,713 million (largest
    portion of NCLB programs)
  • Reading First/Early Reading First 1,132
    million
  • Research in special education and studies and
    evaluation 82 million (0.11 of total ED
    monies)
  • Total Education Appropriation 71,545 million
  • Reference http//www.ed.gov/about/overview/budget
    /budget06/06action.pdf

21
Comparison of FY2006 Appropriations with other
Federal agencies (millions of dollars)
  • Comparison Agency
  • Defense Budget Authority 419,341
  • Homeland Security Authority 34,152
  • Secret Service Agency 1,200
  • Environmental Protection Agency 7,571
  • Total Federal Budget 2,568 (in billions of
    dollars)
  • Comparative for NCSER (82 million)
  • 0.02 monies authorized as compared to DOD
  • 0.24 of monies authorized as compared to DHS
  • 6.83 of monies authorized as compared to Secret
    Service Agency
  • 1.08 of monies authorized as compared with the
    EPA
  • 0.003 of total monies authorized

Reference http//www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/fy06/
browse.html
22
Federal Research and Development Spending
(Proposed FY 2006)
  • Total Across Federal Agencies 132,304 million
  • Federal agencies include DOD, HHS, NASA, DOE,
    NSF, USDA, DHS, DOC, DOT, DVA, DOI, EPA, and
    Other
  • RD is characterized as basic research,
    applied research, development, R D equipment or
    RD facilities.
  • NCSER Appropriation 81.7 million (0.06 of RD
    monies)
  • Reference http//www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy
    2006/budget.html

23
NCSER Organizing Principles
  • 2. Because the special education problem space
    is infinitely broad and complex, we must invest
    wisely and strategically.

24
To do so requires going inside the Special
Education Matrix
  • What Special Education Matrix?

25
Features of NCSER Research Matrix
  • NCSER Statutory responsibilities 18
  • Disability Statutory categories 12
  • Total Research Matrix cells 18 x 12 216

26
Matrix of Disability Category by NCSER Duties
27
NCSER Evidence Map Just One of 216 Cells
28
FY 2006 NCSER Research Programs
  • Reading Writing Special Education Research
  • Math Science Special Education Research
  • Special Education Teacher Quality
    Reading/Writing
  • Special Education Teacher Quality Math/Science
  • Early Intervention and Assessment for Young
    Children with Disabilities

29
FY 2006 NCSER Programs (contd)
  • Assessment for Accountability Special Education
    Research
  • Individualized Education Programs Research
  • Serious Behavior Disorders Special Education
    Research
  • Secondary and Post-Secondary Outcomes Special
    Education Research
  • Language and Vocabulary Development Special
    Education Research

30
FY 2007 Grant Competitions
  • Early Intervention, Early Childhood Special
    Education, and Assessment for Young Children with
    Disabilities
  • Mathematics and Science
  • Reading, Writing, and Language
  • Serious Behavior Disorders
  • Assessment for Accountability

31
FY 2007 Grant Competitions
  • Individualized Education Programs and
    Individualized Family Service Plans
  • Secondary and Transition Services
  • Quality of Teacher and Other Service Providers
    for Students with Disabilities
  • Autism Spectrum Disorders
  • Response to Intervention

32
Research Grant Program Goals
  • Goals differ by topic area, and include
  • Goal 1 Identifying promising practices.
  • Goal 2 Developing and testing new approaches.
  • Goal 3 Conducting efficacy and replication
    trials.
  • Goal 4 Conducting large scale evaluations.
  • Goal 5 Developing and validating assessments.

33
NCSER Organizing Principles
  • 3. Research in special education is at the
    heart of the National Center for Special
    Education Research (NCSER) in IES.

34
Public Law 108-446December 3, 2004 118 STAT.
2647 - 108th Congress
  • USC 1401 Sec. 602. DEFINITIONS
  •  
  • (29) SPECIAL EDUCATION.The term special
    education means specially designed instruction,
    at no cost to parents, to meet the unique needs
    of a child with a disability, including
  • (A) instruction conducted in the classroom, in
    the home, in hospitals and institutions, and in
    other settings and
  • (b) instruction in physical education.

35
Specially Designed Instruction
  • NOT
  • special institutions
  • teaching strategies
  • curricular programs
  • special support
  • special learning
  • general programs
  • Design Architecture of information
  • Individualized Education Program (IEP)
  • AND Related Services
  • Families

36
NCSER Organizing Principles
  • 4. Building the research capacity of the field is
    not a Lone Ranger endeavor Collaboration and
    consultation are essential.

37
The Charge Customers
  • Make research more practical
  • Fill gaps in knowledge
  • Provide digested and vetted findings
  • Consider products for end users
  • Consider expanding current IES research grammar
    and goal structure

38
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative
Services (OSERS)
  • John Hager, Assistant Secretary

Dr. Troy Justesen, Deputy Assistant Secretary Dr.
Alexa E. Posny, Director, Office of Special
Education Programs (OSEP) Dr. Lou Danielson,
Director of Research to Practice Division
39
Ode to Borens First Law
  • 5. Good science is good business for everyone
    but good science is not enough. Results must
    lead to the engineering of high quality
    performance and delivery systems.

40
Why the Global Economy Is Here To Stay Jeffrey
E. Garten, Dean, Yale School of
Management (Business Week, March 23, 1998, p.
21) Delivering some 2.8 million packages in 210
countries each day, FedEx is pushing
globalization faster and deeperbecause it is
using information technology to reengineer its
clients worldwide supply and distribution
systemsFedEx canelectronically track where any
shipment is at any given moment, and it can
guarantee on-time delivery.
41
Cream of the Crop, Alison Peacock. Horizon
Air, April, 1998, p. 12-17. A computerized
system keeps track of how much milk each cow
gives each time. Obrist can look up any cow on
his computer and track her milking yields for
weeks at a time, noting at a glance when she is
at peak production or if her health is ailing
(p. 13).
42
Engineering Systems
  • IT Systems (including digital technology) that
    permit, for example
  • the large scale, real time management of a range
    of student performance data at the district,
    school, and classroom levels, including the real
    time management of individualized education
    programs (e.g., FedEx Dairy Farmers)
  • greater and faster accessibility to the full
    range of print materials
  • accountability and information management systems
    linked to student performance and results

43
Five Harsh Realities to Hartleys First Law
44
Harsh Realities
  • We have more cells than research dollars. Most
    cells are either empty or partially filled. None
    of the cells are completely filled. Where should
    NCSER make investments for the short and long
    term? What organizing principles and values
    should guide these decisions?
  • Space and time is at least three-dimensional
    Investments must reflect a long-term horizontal
    view (breadth) with vertical short-term
    investments (depth) that vary over time,
    complimented with diagonal investments when
    possible/feasible (depending on quality of
    research from field).
  •  

45
Harsh Realities (Contd)
  • What is the capacity of the field to deliver the
    research goods? The quality of the research
    infrastructure and capacity is essential to good
    science and research.
  • Needed Short and long-term investments in
    building professional capacity that is
    interdisciplinary, rigorous, and content
    intensive in special education as a primary
    discipline.

46
Harsh Realities (contd)
  • What is the capacity of the U.S. Department of
    Education and the Institute of Education Sciences
    (IES) to deliver the goods?
  •  
  • What are the mechanisms for obtaining input from
    the fieldindividuals and parents/ caregivers of
    children and individuals with disabilities,
    professional organizations, stakeholders and the
    general publicon the research investments?

47
Stockmayers Theorem
  • If it looks easy, its tough.
  • If it looks tough, its damn well impossible.
  • Bloch, A. (1982). Murphys law and other reasons
    why things go wrong. LA Price/Stern/Sloan
    Publishers, Inc.

48
  • The home of
  • evidence-based education
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