Tools of the Trade

1
Tools of the Trade

• Ground based
• Manual
• Mechanical
• Aerial

2
Ground Based Application Systems

• Mechanical granule spreaders

3
Mechanical granule spreader skidder mounted
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Granule spreader on a John Deere 450
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Ground Based Application Systems

• Mechanical liquid applicators

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Two nozzle head mounted on a boom on a dozer
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Two nozzle head on boom in use
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Another view of the boom in action
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Close up of a shorter boom apparatus for
broadcast spray
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Shorter boom in use to control kudzu
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Efficacy of kudzu topkill will need to be
repeated for control
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Multi-nozzle assembly for mounting behind a
tractor or dozer
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Assembly in operation
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Similar multi-nozzle assembly in operation
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Side view showing downward directed spray
minimizes drift
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4-wheeler adapted as a twin-nozzle spray platform
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Palmetto-gallberry incursion following clearcut
(Osceola NF)
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Four wheeler strip spray palmetto- gallberry
Garlon 4 Arsenal
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Different view of same treatment
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Tree planter modified to spray seedlings
over-the-top at planting
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Radiarc nozzle head
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Radiarc nozzle head in use
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Mist blower in operation in a seed orchard
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Ground Application Tools

• Cut surface tools
• Injection
• Hack Squirt

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Cranco injector bar
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Cranco injector bar - parts
Nozzle release wire
Nozzle
Hollow tube with a screw top pesticide
reservoir
Flat, sharpened cutting blade
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Injector bar in use jab tree base, pull wire
inject herbicide
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Jim-Gem injector bar
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Jim-Gem injector bar
Handle to release valve
Plunger which opens valve
Tube pesticide reservoir
Sharpened cutting blade
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Jim-Gem injector in use jab, push handle, jab,
push handle,
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Cran-jector (Cranko Co. injector bar) from ad
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Cran-jector (Cranko Co. injector bar) from
mimeographed ad
Tube pesticide reservoir
Wire to release valve
Plunger which opens valve
Sharpened cutting blade
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Hypo-hatchet and belt mounted herbicide reservoir
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Hypo-hatchet and belt mounted herbicide reservoir
Pesticide reservoir
Modified hatchet
Connecting hose
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Hypo-hatchet ready to use
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Hack-and-squirt apparatus a hatchet and a
squirt bottle
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Hacking (right hand) and squirt (left hand)
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Girdled tree notches not deep enough tree
survived
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Hack-n-squirt tree good deep cuts red dye
marks herbicide excess
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Squirt part of Hack-n-squirt
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Ground based manual tools

• Liquid applications
• Backpack foliar
• Soil spot
• Generally selective but not always

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Most common manual tool a backpack spray
assembly
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Tank (1) Diaphragm pump (2) Pump lever (3)
Hose (4)
1
2
4
3
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Valve assembly (5), Wand or extender tube (6),
Nozzle (7)
6
5
7
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Veterinary syringe (spot gun) for spot
applications squeeze trigger, metered amount
dispensed
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Vet gun in operation target selective operation
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Model 30 Gunjet
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Model 30 Gunjet
Nozzle
Squeeze trigger
Safety catch
Hose connection
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Field use of spot guns spray to side, walk
through untreated vegetation
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Backpack herbicide reservoir spray nozzle at end
of long wand
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Soil spot treatment (note blue dye) next to a
released seedling
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Broadcast Pronone site preparation
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Close up of efficacy of the hexazinone treatment
in the previous slide
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Avoid using Velpar near a (loblolly pine) RCW
cavity tree
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Red maple stump sprouting can be a serious problem
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Use of spotgun to streamline an undesirable
tree note band and drip
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Oil stain from JLB Oil Plus Improved (vegetable
oil) several days after treatment
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Streamline is often the best method to treat
multiple stems
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Effective removal of a multi-stem competitor of a
desirable seedling
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Kudzu infestation overtopping trees
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Four wheeler carrying a nurse tank spot gun
with hose to allow mobility beyond the vehicle
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Effectively a broadcast spray of kudzu despite
using the 4-wheeler unit
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Clopyralid treatment pine unaffected
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Foliar treatment to release oak seedlings
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Mortality to non-target oaks which were
inadvertently sprayed
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First growing season - cant separate material to
be treated
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Second growing season ideal time to treat using
foliar spray
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Fourth growing season - for F.S. this treatment
is too high risk (spray over shoulder height)
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Blue Worker shirt, face and arms dyed due to
improper application
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Difficult situation competition too high to
safely treat ex. by streamline
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Chestnut as nurse crop for white pine no
release necessary, chestnut blight will do the job
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Foliar application from horseback
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Moving spray equipment from site to site
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Aerial Pesticide Application

• Where is it the appropriate tool?

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Aerial Pesticide Application

• Herbicide application from the air is limited for
  use in R8 by the Vegetation Management EISs
  more later
• Insecticide application from the air is permitted
  in the Region for defoliator control when
  necessary and for some applications made to seed
  orchards

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Aerial Pesticide Application

• Cost may be prohibitive if areas are small
• Often when it is considered applicator safety
  is an issue in alternative treatments
• Helicopter application only for herbicides in R8
• Potential problems
• Treatments are broadcast
• Evaporation and drift are real environmental
  concerns

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Aerial Pesticide Application

• Tools most commonly used to dispense pesticides
  from aerial platforms

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Why a wing lifts
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Vortices form at wing tips causing pattern
disruption
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Aerial application by helicopter boom spray
standard nozzles
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Often as here to control insect infestations
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Boom spray rig mounted under a helicopter, with a
nurse tank
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Standard aerial application nozzle assembly on a
boom
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Some nozzles are machined to produce swirls of
liquids which then break up into droplets
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Or, if pointed down, a fairly heavy flooding or
rain of droplets generally used for herbicides
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The effect is a curtain of droplets falling onto
target vegetation
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Microfoil nozzle section note the tubes forming
a comb like edge
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A second configuration of the Microfoil technology
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Nozzle puts out streams of liquid which
subsequently fragment into large droplets
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Microfoil nozzles mounted on a boom
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A third configuration of the Microfoil nozzle
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Microfoil nozzle mounted on the boom and ready
for use
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Microfoil nozzles in any configuration generally
produce a curtain of droplets
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Aerial Pesticide Application

• Application of granular pesticides from aerial
  platforms

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A fertilizer spreader can be used to apply
granular pesticides
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DuPonts turnkey application of Velpar ULW
granules
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Loading the granule hopper with a premeasured
amount of material
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Where to look on the next slide
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Granules being blown out of the dispensing pipe
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Another Where to look
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Granule application as seen from the helicopter
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Site preparation using the Velpar ULW aerial
distribution system
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Pattern distortion during to fixed wing
application of pesticides
Excessive spray deposited in the area of
influence caused by wing tip vortices
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Restrict the boom to about 2/3 the wing length to
avoid vortices
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Distortion of distribution pattern caused by
propeller
Pattern is distorted in the direction of
propeller rotation
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Redistribute nozzles on boom to compensate for
the distortion
Nozzle placement
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Effect of nozzle orientation on droplet size
Coarsest droplet
Medium droplets
Finest droplets
Not this (spray collects on boom, etc.)
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Aerial Application Dont Apply Up and Down
Hills
Too little deposition here
Too much deposition here
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Aerial Application Apply Along Slopes
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Powders or granular products which are to be
liquefied are measured by weight prior to
addition to tank
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Nozzles and Calibration

• A brief overview of nozzles, their composition
  and performance, and the numbers used to describe
  them

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There is a wide variety of nozzles for a variety
of purposes
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Agricultural multi-nozzle booms are the most
common pictures
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Nozzle catalogs are a good source of information
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Catalog information
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Catalog information
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Catalog information
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Catalog information
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Nozzle types Flat and flat fan nozzles
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Nozzle types Flat fan nozzle
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Nozzle types Low pressure flat fan nozzle
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Nozzle types Extended range flat fan
nozzle
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Nozzle types Hollow cone
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Nozzle types Hollow cone
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Nozzle types Solid cone
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Nozzle types Solid stream
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Nozzle types Solid stream - disk
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Nozzle types Also...

• Twin stream
• Raindrop
• Flooding

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Nozzle types

• Flat fan and stream nozzles are the most common
  in forestry use

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TeeJet Nozzle Code

• Generally a four digit code like
• 2503 or 4502

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TeeJet Nozzle Codes

• The first two digits
• (three when gt99O)
• reflect the angle of coverage at 40 psi
• 25XX 25O 80XX 80O

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TeeJet Nozzle Codes

• The third and fourth numbers reflect the flow
  rate in tenths of a gallon per minute at 40 psi

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TeeJet Nozzle Codes

• An XX02 nozzle is calibrated to put out 0.2
  gallons per minute at 40 PSI
• An XX04 0.4 gallons per minute

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TeeJet Nozzle Codes

• Reducing pressure from 40 psi
• Reduces angle of coverage
• Reduces volume per minute applied
• Increases droplet size

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TeeJet Nozzle Codes

• To protect nozzles from unnecessary wear, add a
  filter to remove abrasive contaminants from the
  mixture
• XX01 XX02 nozzle use a 100 mesh screen
• XX03 or greater nozzles use a 50 mesh screen

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TeeJet Nozzle Codes

• For thinline and streamline applications
• a different numbering system comes into play

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TeeJet Nozzle Codes

• Disc nozzles (0o angle) are commonly used and
  they are numbered
• D1 (0.1 gpm)
• D1.5 (0.15 gpm), and
• D2 (0.2 gpm)
• These discs require a 25 mesh screen or its
  equivalent

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Delavan uses a different Color-bration scheme
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Screens or strainers

• In-line screens or strainers are used to reduce
  wear of the orifice of nozzles

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Screens and strainers
or
or
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In-line Strainers vs. Screens
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In-line Strainers vs. Screens

• In-line strainers may be substituted for screens
  as long as the slots have the equivalent
  straining capacity as the recommended screen mesh

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Tip material

• Wear is also affected by the material used to
  make the tip brass, aluminum, plastic, nylon,
  stainless steel and hardened steel are among the
  materials available

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Nozzles

• Stainless steel
• or
• hardened stainless steel
• nozzles
• are
• recommended

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Nozzles

• Nylon, brass, and aluminum nozzles all have
  characteristics which make them less desirable
  primarily a shorter working life due to being
  softer and wearing faster
• In addition, nylon nozzles shrink and swell

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Graphic showing comparative output of worn or
damaged tips
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Graphic showing comparative cost and wear of
different tips