Medicine Through Time

1
Medicine Through Time

• Section B
• Time allowed 20 minutes
• Marks - 15

2
Type of questions

• A simple question relating to the source(3
  marks), plus
• A general question, either about
• Factors affecting the development of medicine.
• Significant events in the development of medicine
  (turning points) (12 marks)

3
How to answer the first part of the question

• You should aim to explain briefly what the source
  shows/implies about the event/factor highlighted
  in the question.
• In the mark scheme you are rewarded for accurate
  details, but automatically gain higher marks for
  explaining the inference of the source.
• Your answer should be a very short paragraph.

4
How to answer the second part of the question
successfully

• You need a good structure to your answer.
• You need to include detailed and accurate
  examples in your answer.
• Your examples should usually be taken from a
  range of periods studied (remember the topic is
  Medicine Through Time.)

5
Factors affecting the development of medicine
include
religion
war
individuals
governments
science
chance
technology
wealth
communication
6
Revising a factor

• Examples of ways in which the factor has helped
  the development of medicine.

• Any examples of ways in which the factor has
  hindered the development of medicine.

Then make links with other factors .
7
How important has science been in explaining the
cause cure of disease since the 17th Century?

• Science has been very important because
• Louis Pasteur chemist experiments germ
  theory
• Robert Koch identification of bacteria
• Vaccination
• Penicillin work of Florey Chain

• However it was not science alone which helped
  with these developments, e.g.
• Technology was needed, such as better microscopes
  for Pasteur Koch ( other e.g.s)
• War contributed to rivalry between PK which
  encouraged their research
• War also helped to accelerate the development of
  penicillin

Overall, I think that science has been
8
Why was the nineteenth century a period when the
part played by women in medicine changed so much?

• Role of individuals in changing attitudes towards
  women in medicine.
• Improved opportunities for education and
  training.
• Legislation role of central government.

• For individuals, you could explain how Florence
  Nightingale helped to break down prejudice
  against women, and link to education training
  of nurses.
• Also look at early women doctors, and how they
  fought for the right to train, and the ways laws
  changed.

Add a conclusion to say which factor you think
was the most important, and why.
9
How to answer questions about turning points
successfully.

• You must explain what the situation was like
  before the turning point.
• You must then identify briefly what the turning
  point involved.

• You then need to explain what the situation was
  like after the turning point what were the
  consequences, both in the short and long term.

You should add a conclusion to say how far the
event can be considered a turning point.
10
Why was Pasteurs work on the germ theory a
turning point in the history of medicine?

• Explain the situation before-
• Belief in spontaneous generation
• Ignorance about true cause of decay/disease
• Impossible to develop scientific treatments
  without this knowledge.
• Ignorance led to unhygienic conditions for
  surgery childbirth.
• Explain briefly what Pasteur discovered, then. .
  .

• Explain the consequences
• Pasteurs work led to an accurate and scientific
  understanding that germs cause disease.
• His work could be developed by other
  doctors/scientists such as Koch
• Vaccinations could be developed, especially as
  specific germs were identified.
• The need for hygienic conditions in surgery was
  now demonstrated, leading to antiseptic and
  aseptic surgery.

Conclude with your opinion e.g. his work
finally uncovered the true cause of disease,
which had been debated for hundreds of years. It
opened a totally new phase of medicine.