Forest Management

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Forest Management

• Unit 10
• Environmental and Agriculture Sciences

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FORESTRY IN THE US

• There are 483 million acres of timberland and 248
  million acres of other forest land in the United
  States
• This is 1/3 of the total land in the United
  States
• Forestland may include parks, wilderness land,
  national monuments, game refuges and other areas
  where harvesting of trees is not permitted
• There are 860 species of trees in the United
  States
• Forestry is an important part of the economy
• An unbelievable variety of products come from
  trees

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VOCABULARY

• Forestland at least 10 stocked by forest trees
  of any size
• Timberland forest land that is capable of
  producing excess of 20 cubic feet per acre per
  year of industrial wood and that has not been
  withdrawn from timber utilization by statute or
  administrative regulation
• Forest complex association of trees, shrubs,
  and plants which all contribute to the life of
  the community

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VOCABULARY

• Trees woody perennial plants with a single stem
  that develops many branches. Vary greatly in
  size, but usually grow more than 10 feet high.
• Shrubs woody plants with a bushy growth pattern
  and multiple stems.
• Productive Forest a forest that is growing
  trees for lumber or other wood products on a
  continuous basis.
• Lumber boards that are sawed from trees.
  Bought and sold by the board foot.

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Major Parts of a Tree
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TREE CLASSIFICATION

• Evergreen trees that do not shed their leaves
  on a yearly basis.
• Conifers evergreen trees that produce seeds in
  cones, have needle-like leaves, and produce
  softwood lumber.
• Deciduous trees that shed their needles or
  leaves every year and produce hardwood lumber.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORESTS OTHER NATURAL
RESOURCES

• Relationships between forests and other natural
  resources, such as water and wildlife, are
  important to the overall well-being of the
  ecological system
• Forests play an important role in the water cycle
• Forests reduce the impact of falling rain on the
  soils and serve as storage areas for vast amounts
  of water
• Forests regulate the flow of water into streams,
  helping fish and other wildlife survive
• Forests filter rain as it falls and help reduce
  erosion of the soil
• Forests help trap soil sediment and help maintain
  water quality

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORESTS OTHER NATURAL
RESOURCES

• Trees and shrubs also help remove pollutants from
  the air and water
• Forests provide food, shelter, protection
  nesting sites
• Shade provided by forests helps maintain proper
  water temperature for aquatic life.
• Wildlife in different types of forests varies
  considerably.
• Clear Cut Forest forest that has had all the
  marketable trees removed from it.
• Forests change naturally as a result of
  harvesting, so does the wildlife that inhabits
  them.

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SOME IMPORTANT TYPES SPECIES OF TREES

• SOFTWOODS
• Douglas Fir the most important species of tree in
  the U.S.
• Plywood construction material made of thin
  layers of wood glued together.
• Balsam Fir
• Hemlock Eastern Western
• Cedar Eastern Red, Eastern White, Western Red
• White Pine
• Southern Pine
• Ponderosa Pine
• Sitka Spruce

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SOME IMPORTANT TYPES SPECIES OF TREES

• HARDWOODS
• Birch
• Veneer very thin sheet of wood glued to a
  cheaper species of wood that is used in paneling
  and furniture making.
• Maple
• Poplar
• Sweetgum

• Oak White Red
• Aspen
• Ash
• Beech
• Cherry
• Hickory
• Sycamore
• Black Walnut
• Black Willow

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TREE GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY

• A tree typically starts from a seed.
• Trees may also sprout and grow from stumps or
  other tree parts.
• When the seed germinates, shoot grows upward to
  form top growth and roots grow downward and
  outward to form root system.
• Cambium growth layer in a tree root, trunk or
  limb.
• Annual Rings outward growth of the cambium in
  one year, seen in the cross section of a root,
  trunk or limb.

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TREE GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY

• Xylem Layer (Sapwood) transports water and
  minerals from the roots up to the leaves through
  a layer of cells. Located just inside of the
  cambium layer.
• Phloem (Inner Bark) carries food manufactured
  in the leaves to the stems, trunk and roots.
  Located just outside the cambium layer.
• Each year a tree grows new cambium, xylem and
  phloem tissues. The older sapwood becomes
  heartwood.
• Heartwood is the inactive core that gives a
  tree strength rigidity.

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Cross Section of a Log
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Forestry Management Careers

• Forester - a person who studies and manages
  forest.
• Arborist- an urban forester whose work includes
  planting, transplanting, pruning, fertilizing or
  tree removal.
• Dendrologist - studies trees.
• Silviculturist - specializes in the care of
  trees.Deals in the management of forest.