Title: Good Morning
1Good Morning!!!
2Lets Meet and Greet
- How many of you know people from another school
district, a faculty member, or a student? - Lets do a little hands-on inquiry
- Take a minute to meet and greet at least one
person with a hand shake.
3Now that weve been all acquainted, lets get
started with todays topic
4Infectious Diseases
5Objectives
- Define infectious disease
- Identify causes of infectious disease
- Describe the effects infectious diseases have on
children and adults - Implement prevention methods to avoid contracting
infectious diseases
6What is an Infectious Disease?
- According to The American Heritage Stedmans
Medical Dictionary - An infectious disease is a disease caused by
microorganism or other agent, such as a
bacterium, fungus, or virus, that enters the body
of the organism1.
7Another name for Infectious Disease?
Another name for an Infectious Disease is
Communicable Disease due to their potentiality
of transmission from one person or species to
another2.
8Classifications of Infectious Microorganisms3
- Primary Pathogens cause disease as a result of
their presence or activity within the normal,
healthy host, and how severe the disease they
cause. - Opportunistic Pathogens cause an infectious
disease in a host with depressed resistance.
9What are germs?
- Germs (also known as microbes) are tiny
organisms (living things) that may cause
disease4. - However, we have good germs to help us digest
our food4.
104 Types of Infectious Diseases
- Viral infectious diseases A virus (from the
Latin virus meaning "toxin" or "poison"), is a
sub-microscopic infectious agent that is unable
to grow or reproduce outside a host cell5. -
- Bacterial infectious diseases (singular
bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms.
Typically a few micrometers in length, bacteria
have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres
to rods and spirals6. -
- Parasitic infectious diseases type of symbiotic
relationship between organisms of different
species in which one, the parasite, benefits from
a prolonged, close association with the other,
the host, which is harmed. In general, parasites
are much smaller than their hosts, show a high
degree of specialization for their mode of life
and reproduce more quickly and in greater numbers
than their hosts7. -
- Fungal infectious diseases is a eukaryotic
(cells are organized into complex structures
enclosed within membranes) organism that is a
member of the kingdom Fungi8. -
11List of infectious diseases9
- Viral infectious diseases
- AIDS AIDS Related Complex Chickenpox
(Varicella) Common cold Cytomegalovirus
Infection Colorado tick fever Dengue fever
Ebola hemorrhagic fever Hand, foot and mouth
disease Hepatitis Herpes simplex Herpes
zoster HPV Influenza (Flu) Lassa fever
Measles Marburg hemorrhagic fever Infectious
mononucleosis Mumps Norovirus Poliomyelitis
Progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy
Rabies Rubella SARS Smallpox (Variola)
Viral encephalitis Viral gastroenteritis
Viral meningitis Viral pneumonia West Nile
disease Yellow fever - Bacterial infectious diseases
- Anthrax Bacterial Meningitis Botulism
Brucellosis Campylobacteriosis Cat Scratch
Disease Cholera Diphtheria Epidemic Typhus
Gonorrhea Impetigo Legionellosis Leprosy
(Hansen's Disease) Leptospirosis Listeriosis
Lyme disease Melioidosis Rheumatic
FeverMRSA infection Nocardiosis Pertussis
(Whooping Cough) Plague Pneumococcal
pneumonia Psittacosis Q fever Rocky
Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Salmonellosis
Scarlet Fever Shigellosis Syphilis Tetanus
Trachoma Tuberculosis Tularemia Typhoid
Fever Typhus Urinary Tract Infections - Parasitic infectious diseases
- African trypanosomiasis Amebiasis Ascariasis
Babesiosis Chagas Disease Clonorchiasis
Cryptosporidiosis Cysticercosis
Diphyllobothriasis Dracunculiasis
Echinococcosis Enterobiasis Fascioliasis
Fasciolopsiasis Filariasis Free-living amebic
infection Giardiasis Gnathostomiasis
Hymenolepiasis Isosporiasis Kala-azar
Leishmaniasis Malaria Metagonimiasis
Myiasis Onchocerciasis Pediculosis Pinworm
Infection Scabies Schistosomiasis Taeniasis
Toxocariasis Toxoplasmosis Trichinellosis
Trichinosis Trichuriasis Trichomoniasis
Trypanosomiasis - Fungal infectious diseases
- Aspergillosis Blastomycosis Candidiasis
Coccidiodomycosis Cryptococcois
Histoplasmosis Tinea pedis.
12Worldwide Mortality Due to Infectious Dieseases10
13How does infectious diseaseseffect others?
Sources of transmission of infectious
diseases11 1.) Physical Contact 2.) Liquids 3.) B
ody Fluids 4.) Contaminated Objects (Shaking
Hands) 5.) Airborne Inhalation (Sneezing without
covering your nose/mouth). 6.) Insect Bites12
14Ask yourself this question
- Does everyone wash their hands after they use the
restroom?
15According to CNN
- The Dirty Truth
- Percentage of people who said they wash their
hands after using a public restroom vs.
percentage who actually did - Men 92 vs. 58Women 97 vs. 75
- http//archives.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/09/18/hand.was
hing/
16Activity 2 Germs!
- Lets see how many germs are on your hands!
- Students will bring around some GlitterBug
Potion. After you receive the Potion, rub it over
your hands and allow to air dry. - Proceed to the front with your school to put your
hands under the UV light. The white stuff on
your hands is simulated germs. - After viewing your hands under the UV light,
please use the restroom across the hall to wash
your handsthere is anti-bacterial soap provided
for you to use. - After returning from washing your hands, go back
to the UV light and see how well your washed your
hands.
17Other things with germs we never thought to
consider
18What about germs in your favorite motels?
- http//www.divinecaroline.com/article/22250/39039
19Who was Typhoid Mary?
Mary Mallon (a.k.a Typhoid Mary) was an
asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever. Over the
course of her career as a cook, she infected 53
people, three of whom died13.
Image from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageMal
lon-Mary_01.jpg
20Prevention of Infectious Diseases
- The biggest way to prevent Infectious Diseases
from spreading is to - WASH YOUR HANDS!!
21Hands should be washed with soap14
- Before, during, and after preparing food.
- Before eating food.
- After using the restroom.
- After coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose.
- After changing diapers, handling money, handling
trash, petting pets, after work, - After coming in contact with body fluids, when
you are sick, and when your hands are dirty.
22Proper Techniques to Wash Your Hands14
23For those who like a demonstration15
- http//www.youtube.com/watch?vloF_yl9QR2Q
24How about hand-sanitizers and anti-bacterial
soaps?
- According to an article in Newsweek, Hand
sanitizers don't necessarily work as well as soap
and water. The effectiveness of alcohol-based
gels like Purell depends on the type and amount
of germs that they are up against. In general,
the longer it's been since you've washed with
soap and water, the less effective a hand
sanitizer is likely to be. Proteinaceous and
fatty materials (commonly found in any kitchen)
are especially resistant to alcohol-based gels.
The Centers for Disease Control guidelines that
recommended hand sanitizers as a suitable
alternative to hand washing were intended only
for health-care settings, where doctors and
nurses wash their hands several times an hour,
providing the gels with a relatively clean
surface to work on16.
25Anti-Bacterial Soaps?
- The GOOD news Antibacterial agents are doing
the job on 99 percent of the germs! They wreak
havoc on certain bacteria17. - The BAD news they dont touch viruses, and
viruses account for a very large part of
illnesses. The various products also are limited
in the time they actually are effective. It
hasnt been proven exactly how long they will
work, but as soon as your clean hands touch
anything else, you arent protected anymore17. - Even WORSE news some experts are concerned
about the long-term problems with the use of
these agents. Just as our overuse of oral
antibiotics is creating bacteria that are
resistant to antibiotics, researchers are worried
that we are seeing the development of super
bugs that are resistant to triclosan. These
super bugs are immune to disease-fighting
efforts17. - Another problem investigators note is that by
the actual means we are using to create a
germ-free environment in our homes, we are
reducing the bodys own ability to fight the
infections17.
26How can you be sure there is an infectious
disease?
- A microbial culture is the most often used to
diagnose infectious disease17. - In a microbial culture, a growth medium is
provided for a specific agent17. - Each bacterial culture has its own
characteristics.
27Activity 3 Microbial Culture Swabbing
You will be collecting the following and
transferring into a Microbiological Culture
Your hands before and after washing Your mouth
before and after rinsing with antiseptic mouth
wash 6 different locations of your choice
28Data Collection Sheet
- Included in your envelope. Please fill out
information. You will need this sheet for when
you do your observations on Thursday.
29Your Box Kit Includes
- 10 culture plates already poured for you.
- 10 sterile swabs
- Tape
- Marker (Please return when you are finished)
- Directions (in your envelope).
- Cup
- Marker
30Directions Clean Hands/Dirty Hands(look at the
bottom of the page)
31Directions Clean Mouth/Dirty Mouth (look at the
bottom of the page)
32Directions Which Item Has The Most Bacteria?
33WARNING
- Do NOT stick the swab in your mouth to moisten
your swab!!! - Use the cup in your box to get water to moisten
your swab
34When you are finished
- Make sure all your Petri dishes are taped shut
and are labeled. - Place your Petri dishes back into your box and
make sure your school name is on the outside of
the box.---Keep your data sheet in your box. - All used materials such as your swabs and cups
should be disposed of. - Please return your marker to the front of the
room (the 5 finger discount DOES NOT apply
today)? - Please remain in the room until instructed to
leave for lunch.
35Recap
- An infectious disease is a disease caused by
microorganism or other agent, such as a
bacterium, fungus, or virus, that enters the body
of the organism1. - Also known as Communicable Disease2.
36Recap
- Microorganisms are classified as Primary or
Opportunistic Pathogens3. - A Germ is (also known as microbes) are tiny
organisms (living things) that may cause
disease4. - 4 Types of Infectious Diseases
- Viral, Bacterial, Parasitic, and Fungal
37Recap
- The number 1 cause of death due to infectious
diseases in 2002 was - Lower Respiratory Infections.
- Sources of transmission of infectious diseases
- Physical Contact, Liquids, Body Fluids,
Contaminated Objects (Shaking Hands), Airborne
Inhalation (Sneezing without covering your
nose/mouth), and Insect Bites.
38Recap
- The best way to prevent the transfer of
infectious diseases is to wash your hands. - You should wash your hands Before, during, and
after preparing food, before eating food, after
using the restroom, after coughing, sneezing, or
blowing your nose, after changing diapers,
handling money, handling trash, petting pets,
after work, after coming in contact with body
fluids, when you are sick, and when your hands
are dirty. - Can you use anti-bacterial soap and hand
sanitizers? Yes, but over time, your body can
build up an immunity to them.
39Recap
- What is the most common way to identify an
infectious disease? Microbial Culture.
40Before you leave for lunch today!
- Please make sure you
- WASH YOUR HANDS before eating.
- You never know what kinds of germs are on your
hands!
41Questions?
42References
- 1.) The American Heritage Stedmans Medical
Dictionary. Http//dictionary.reference.com/browse
/infectious20disease. 6/20/2008. - 2.) Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary,
2004, WB Saunders. 4/28/2008. - 3.) Medical Microbiology Fourth Edition Chapter
8 (1996). Baron, Samuel MD. The University of
Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. - 4.) Communicable Diseases. Hillendale Health.
http//hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclayop/commdise/commdise
.html. 6/27/2008. - 5.) Virus. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_28
biology29. 6/20/2008. - 6.) Bacteria. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacter
ium. 6/20/2008 - 7.) Parasitism. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para
site. 6/20/2008 - 8.) Fungus. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungus.
6/20/2008 - 9.) List of Infectious Diseases.
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_infectious_di
seases. 6/20/2008. - 10.) Worldwide Mortality Due to Infectious
Diseases. The World Health - Report 2004 Annex Table 2 (pdf) and 1995
Table 5 (pdf-large!)
43References Continued
- 11.) Infectious disease. McGraw-Hill
Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. The
McGraw-Hill - Companies, Inc., 2005.
- 12.) Infectious Diseases. Medline Plus.
http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/infectiousdis
eases.html. - 6/27/2008.
- 13.) Mary Mallon http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar
y_Mallon. 6/20/2008. - 14.) Roberts, Tim. Wash Hands Fight
- Disease-Causing Germs. Virginia Tech and
Virginia Department of Health.
http//www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/nutrition/348-965/348-
965.html. 6/20/2008. - 15.) SafetyTV What's the proper way to wash your
- hands? http//www.youtube.com/watch?vloF_y
l9QR2Q. - 6/27/2008.
- 16.) Interlandi, Jeneen. Do Hand Sanitizers
Work? Newsweek October 26, - 2007. http//www.newsweek.com/id/62119.
6/20/2008. - 17.) Are antibacterial soaps creating bacterial
resistance? - http//www.essortment.com/all/bacterial
resist_rywa.htm. 6/20/2008. - 18.) Microbial Culture. http//en.wikipedia.org/w
iki/infectious_disease. - 4/28/2008.
44Products
- GlitterBug Potion.
- http//www.brevis.com
- Student Bacteria Experiment Kit
- http//www.culturemediasupplies.com
- Catalog CM145-B200KIT
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