Social and economic aspects of ICZM; functionality and valuation

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Social and economic aspects of ICZM
functionality and valuation

• Annemie Volckaert
• First BeNCoRe Conference
• 26/04/2007

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Outline presentation

• Socio economic impact of major activities
• Overview recent studies
• Gaps
• Socio economic impact challenges
• Comment Green Paper topic how can quality of
  life be maintained in coastal regions

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Users of the Belgian part of the North Sea

• Belgian part of the North Sea (BPNS)
• Part of southern North Sea
• 3600 km²
• Different users
• Shipping anchorage
• Fishery/ mariculture
• Aggregate extraction
• Dredging
• Dumping
• Military exercises
• Off-shore constructions
• Wrecks, buoys, masts
• Cables pipelines
• Tourism/ recreation
• Nature areas

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Sustainable management of North Sea

• Socio-economic Impact on the Environment
• Identification
• Valuation

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I. Maritime transport

• Shipping
• Commercial (incl. ferries)
• Fisheries
• Offshore industries wind energy, aggregate
  extraction, dredging dumping, etc.
• Recreational
• Risk analysis of Marine Activities in the Belgian
  Part of the North Sea (RAMA) SPSD II (2006)
• Evaluation of marine degradation in the North Sea
  (MARE-DASM) OSTC (2002)

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Risk analysis of Marine Activities in the Belgian
Part of the North Sea (RAMA)

• Supported by the
• Federal Science Policy

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Goals

• Risk-analysis of shipping incidents with
  environmental damage on the Belgian part of the
  North Sea
• Study area BPNS
• Excl. Scheldt traffic
• Excl. Noordhinder TSS
• Data
• Database IVS-SRK
• Data period 01/04/2003 31/03/2004
• Data on ferries from Ostend

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• Impact valuation

• Historical data
• Modelling
• GIS based analysis
• Qualitative impact table

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Release assessment Cargo spill risk

• Tonnes/yr spilled
• Highest risk class 8 (dangerous, no info)
• Total 539 t/yr
• Containers 390 t/yr
• Class 1 (MP, cat A)
• Total 12.3 t/yr
• Containers 9.9 t/yr
• Class 2 (crudes)
• Total 101 t/yr
• Oil tankers 101 t/yr

1.0 E-08 - 1.0 E-06
1.0 E-06 - 1.0 E-05
1.0 E-05 - 1.0 E-04
1.0 E-04 - 1.0 E-03
1.0 E-03 - 1.0 E-02
gt 1.0 E-02
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Exposure and effect assessment

• Selection of two scenarios
• Worst case oil 17.000 ton/accident crudes
• Worst case HNS 8.000 ton/accident (1.000
  ton/accident) acetone cyanohydrine
• Sensitivity analysis (GIS-based)
• Ecological parameters (e.g. Ramsar, MPA, beach
  reserve)
• Socio-economic parameters (e.g. ports, spawning
  site, extraction zone, wind farm)
• 3 Scenarios (general, winter, summer interests)
• Effect analysis
• Exposure assessment (PEC)
• Consequence assessment (PNEC)
• Risk characterisation (PEC/PNEC)

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• Summer scenario

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Effect analysis worst case

• Exposure assessment
• MU slicklets model (BMM)
• 12,6 km² oil spill
• In 13 hours Zwin
• Consequence assessment
• LC50 aromatic comp.
• Direct loss biota 12 - 68
• Bird loss open sea 471
• Bird loss Zwin 741 Seabirds 2595 Water birds

• Exposure assessment
• No model available HNS (sedimentation)
• 0,01 mg/l (critical effect concentration 1
  loss biota)
• 75 simulation days
• Consequence assessment
• Ecological impact area
• 8.000 ton 70 BPNS
• 1.000 ton 40 BPNS

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Evaluation of marine degradation in the North Sea
(MARE-DASM)
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Goal

• Development of mathematical models assessing the
  risk and damage
• Identification quantification of the different
  contaminants in the marine environment
• Socio-economic assessment criteria to determine
  the cost of degradation
• Development evaluation of technical and legal
  procedures

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Socio-economic assessment

• Valuation of the non-use value of BPNS in case of
  an accidental oil spill
• Contingent Valuation method (questionnaire)
• Scenario 10.000 m³ spill
• Scenario 5.000 m³ spill
• Scenario 200 m³ spill
• Willingness to pay between 375 and 606 million

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II. Industries

• Offshore
• Wind energy
• Aggregate extraction
• LNG transport
• Environmental impact assessment
• MAREBASSE Management, Research and Budgeting of
  Aggregates in Shelf Seas Related to End-users -
  SPSDII
• Balancing the Impacts of Human activities on the
  Belgian Part of the North Sea (BALANS) SPSDII
• Aggregate extraction

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EIA as a legal instrument to evaluate impacts

• Legal basis
• International EIA directive (85/337/EC)
• National
• Marine Law (20/01/1999) (art.28 1)
• RD 09/09/2003 rules procedures EIA
• Master Plan North Sea
• Political priorities
• Delimitation of zones
• RD 17/05/04
• RD 01/09/04

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EIA as a legal instrument to evaluate impacts

• Offshore windfarms
• C-Power 60 turbines (5-7 MW), 30 km offshore
• Eldepasco 36 turbines (5-7 MW), 38 km offshore
• Bligh Bank 69 turbines (5 MW), 45 km offshore
• Sand- and gravel extraction
• Zeegra
• AWZ-Coast

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EIA as a legal instrument to evaluate impacts

• Impact valuation of the activity on different
  disciplines
• Soil
• Water
• Atmosphere Climate
• Noise Vibrations/ Electromagnetic fields
• Fauna flora biodiversity
• Seasight
• Users
• Safety (shipping, radar, oil)
• Major challenges cumulative effects

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III. Fisheries

• Commercial fisheries
• Small fleet
• Big fleet
• Shrimps
• Anglers (recreational)
• Balancing the Impacts of Human activities on the
  Belgian Part of the North Sea (BALANS) SPSD II

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Balancing the Impacts of Human activities on the
Belgian Part of the North Sea (BALANS)
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Goals methodology

• Focus on
• shrimp fisheries
• Aggregate extraction
• Procedure
• Conceptual model development
• Translation into a system-thinking environment
• Data entry
• Integrated conceptual policy interface
  development (STELLA model)
• Scenario development

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Conceptual model (sand gravel)
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Outcome

• Improve understanding of the activity
• Manage the effects of policy choices on
  sustainable management

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IV. Human induced impacts

• Evaluation of climate change impacts and
  adaptation responses for marine activities
  (CLIMAR)
• Coastal flooding
• Fisheries
• Ballast water invasive species

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Evaluation of climate change impacts and
adaptation responses for marine activities
(CLIMAR)
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Methodology
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CESSE-ULB VITOContribution to
SPICOSABY Dr. WALTER HECQ Ir. MATEO
CORDIER GUY ENGELENJOACHIM MAESLEO DeNOCKER

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SPICOSA

• SPICOSA Fact sheet
• Science and Policy Integration for Coastal
  Systems Assessment (http//www.eucc.net/spicosa/)
• 54 Partner institutes, 22 countries, 18 study
  sites
• 6th FP
• 1 Feb 2007 1 Feb 2011
• Objective Develop a system dynamics modelling
  approach to support decision-making processes
  enabling integrated assessment of coastal systems
  in Europe

Fully interlinked processes physical
ecological economic, demographic
societal environmental land use. at
appropriate abstraction levels
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CESSE ULB contribution to SPICOSA
Carrying out of economic assessment b)
Assistance to SAF modelling in Integrating
economic assessment methodology (Input - Output
tables) in the systemic model EXTEND)

• Carrying out of economic assessment
• c) Assistance to Study Site Applications in
• Selecting a methodology for economic evaluation
• Adapting it to the SSA specificities
• Carrying out the methodology on field (and real
  presence on field for few selected SSA)

• Carrying out of economic assessment
• a) reviewing success of application in other
  projects having carried out economic assessments
  (with spatial dimensions)

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Conclusions

• Interdisciplinary approach is a must!
• Same language/Terminology
• Between different partners
• Scientific team stakeholders
• Good data base is fundamental
• Importance of stakeholders (private, institutes,
  etc.)
• Concrete problem formulation
• Data delivery
• Expertise
• Valuation
• Visualisation of results (GIS maps, models)
• Dissemination to public (awareness language)

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Socio-economic impact challenges

• Other important players
• Commercial fisheries and recreational anglers
• Tourism
• New developments LNG tankers, offshore energy,
  mariculture, harbour expansion
• Demography (older population)
• Other important impacts of users
• Mobility
• Ballast water
• Invasive species
• Climate change
• Cumulative impacts

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Socio-economic impact challenges (2)

• Problem formulation Tackling problems of public
  concern
• Improving communication with private sector
• Improving communication with policy
• Methodological
• Good data base with relevant parameters
• Accessible quality data
• Quantification of impacts (modelling)
• Valuation of non-use values of the BPNS
• Contingent Valuation method (Willingness to pay)
• Other methodologies?

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Socio-economic impact challenges (3)

• Broader scale
• Sea/coastal/hinterland interface
• Border-crossing problems climate change,
  cumulative effects, etc.
• Cooperation with neighbouring countries (Nl, En,
  Fr)
• Data input
• Methodology
• Integrated results
• European level (e.g. Spicosa)

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Socio-economic impact challenges (4)

• Policy instruments
• Spatial planning (European scale)
• Integrated decision models (Balans, Climar,)
• Coordinating institutes
• Need for innovative and flexible research

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Green paper

• The issue on how quality of life in coastal
  regions of Europe can be maintained, while
  continuing to develop sustainable income and
  jobs? Development inevitably brings with it
  pressures on space and the environment. It
  requires improvements in accessibility to, and
  internal mobility within, coastal zones, in
  particular small islands, through transport
  infrastructure improvements. It also calls for
  the supply of general interest services (health,
  education, water and energy supply,
  telecommunications, postal services, waste water
  and waste treatment) in order to improve the
  quality of life in coastal zones, in particular
  during peak tourist seasons

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Green paper (2)

• Quality of life
• Seasonal variation tourist peak
• Positive jobs but temporarily
• Negative conflicts, facilities (WTP, water),

Valuation Parameters
Place to live work Market value Economical Social
Leisure tourism Market and non-market value Econ. / soc. Other
Intrinsic value coast sea Non-market value CVM Willingness to pay

• Good indicator Database
• Coastal zone (kustbarometer)
• Marine zone
• Integration between zones

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Green paper (3)

• Possible solutions to improve quality of life
• Spatial planning larger scale
• Diversification of tourism
• Connection sea/coast/hinterland
• Needs families, older people, etc.
• Sustainable fisheries
• New techniques
• Alternatives
• Conflict with anglers at sea
• Legal policy instruments
• Control (safety, pollution)
• Integration WFD, Maritime strategy, etc.
• Coordinating institute to manage integration

• Sustainable income and jobs
• Decrease pressure on environment
• Improve quality of life