P1252109258QZYdU

1
Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture
10 Dr. Stuart Sumida
PHYLUM CHORDATA Subphylum VERTEBRATA FISHES
2
So, then whats a vertebrate?
3
Phylogenetic Context for Vertebrata Vertebrates
are chordates
Echinodermata Hemichordata Urochordata Cephaloc
hordata Vertebrata
Chordata
4
All vertebrates possess an embryological material
known as NEURAL CREST. Neural crest gives rise
to particular structures found in all
vertebrates, and only in vertebrates.
5
Phylogenetic Context for Vertebrata
Echinodermata Hemichordata Urochordata Cephaloc
hordata Vertebrata
(Posess neural crest and its derivatives)
6
EVERYONE will be able to demonstrate a
cross-sectional view of a vertebrate
7

• Remember the basic chordate features
• Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
• Notochord
• Pharyngeal Gill Slits
• Post Anal Tail

8
So what exactly is a fish?
9
Jawless fish Conodonts Placodermi Chondrichthye
s Acanthodii Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii
Gnathostomata
Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)
10
(No Transcript)
11
Jawless fish Conodonts Placodermi Chondrichthye
s Acanthodii Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii
THE ORIGINAL CONDITION OF VEWRTEBRATES WAS
WITHOUT JAWS
Gnathostomata
Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
Jawless fish Conodonts Placodermi Chondrichthye
s Acanthodii Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii
Gnathostomata
Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)
15
CONDONTS Originally thought not to be
vertebrates, but their best known components made
of same material as teeth and bones (probably
from neural crest material)
16
CONDONTS Originally thought not to be
vertebrates, but their best known components made
of same material as teeth and bones (probably
from neural crest material)
17
Jawless fish Conodonts Placodermi Chondrichthye
s Acanthodii Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii
Gnathostomata
Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)
18

• PLACODERMI
• Closest relatives of living cartilagenous fishes
• Known since Devonian
• Big cutting jaw plates, but not true teeth

19
PLACODERMI Closest relatives of living
cartilagenous fishes Known since Devonian Big
cutting jaw plates, but not true teeth
20
Dave Dunkle and Dunkleosteous
21
(No Transcript)
22
Bothriolepis
23
Jawless fish Conodonts Placodermi Chondrichthye
s Acanthodii Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii
Gnathostomata
Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)
24
CHONDRICHTHYES The Cartilagenous Fishes
Includes sharks, skates and rays, holocephalians
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
Iniopterygians
28
Helicoprion
29
(No Transcript)
30
A Chimera (a holocephalian)
31
Jawless fish Conodonts Placodermi Chondrichthye
s Acanthodii Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii
Gnathostomata
Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)
32

• ACANTHODII
• Acanthodians are often referred to as spiny
  sharks but not real sharks.
• Know as far back as Silurian
• Abundant until Early Permian

33
Howittacanthus an acanthodian
34
Jawless fish Conodonts Placodermi Chondrichthye
s Acanthodii Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii
Gnathostomata
Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)
35

• OSTEICHTHYES (BONY FISH)
• Most diverse groups of vertebrates
• Enormous diversity of sizes, shapes, habitats.
• Includes
• Actinopterygii
• Sarcopterygii
• (Both groups known as far back as early Devonian)

36
Garibaldi The California State Marine Fish
37
(No Transcript)
38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
(No Transcript)
41
Jawless fish Conodonts Placodermi Chondrichthye
s Acanthodii Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii
Gnathostomata
Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)
42

• SARCOPTERYGII THE LOBE-FINNED FISHES
• Includes
• Dipnoi (lungfishes)
• Crossopterygii
• Crossopterygians include tetrapods 4-legged
  land-dwelling vertebrates.

43
A lungfish
44
(No Transcript)
45
(No Transcript)
46
Eusthenopteron
47
Tiktaalik roseae a lobe-finned fish
intermediate between typical sarcopterygians and
basal tetrapods.
Mid to Late Devonian 375 million years old.
48
(No Transcript)
49
(No Transcript)
50
The back end of Tiktaaliks skull is intermediate
between fishes and tetrapods.
51
Tiktaalik is a fish with wrist bones, yet still
retaining fin rays.
52
The posture of Tiktaaliks fin/limb is
intermediate between that of fishes an tetrapods.
53
(No Transcript)