Outline

1
(No Transcript)
2
Outline

• A Return to Complex Memory
• 1971 Place cells, hippocampus and John OKEEFE
• 1973 Long-term Potentiation, Terje LØMO and Tim
  BLISS
• Synapses Also Hold Our Fondest Memories
• 1992 Molecular mouse genetics, Eric KANDEL and
  Susumu TONEGAWA
• The Brains Picture of the External World
• The marriage between cognitive psychology and
  biology of the brain
• Attention Must Be Paid!
• Implicit memory versus explicit memory

3
A Return to Complex Memory--John OKeefe and
Place Cells in Hippocampus, 1971
Spatial map plays a central role in spatial
cognition, and involves information acquired
through several sensory modalities
The evolution of the place fields of 7 different
cells as a mouse is repeatedly exposed to two
different environments. (From Wills, O'Keefe, et
al.)
professor of cognitive neuroscience at University
College London,
Eric Kandel How are these sensory modalities
brought together? How is the spatial map
established? Once established, how is the spatial
map maintained?
4
A Return to Complex Memory--Terje L?mo and Tim
Bliss, Long-Term Potentiation (LTP), 1973
Terje L?mo
Eric Kandel The first clue a very rapid train
of electrical stimuli of a neuronal pathway in
the hippocampus results in the synaptic
connections in that pathway to be strengthened
for several hours to one or more daysKey
molecules involved in LTP began to emerge
Tim Bliss
5
Synapses Also Hold Our Fondest Memories--Eric
Kandel and Susumu Tonegawa, Molecular Mouse
Genetics
Kandel Lab Mark Mayford Seth Grant
Tonegawa Lab Alcino Silva
Mouse behaviors Electrophysiology Molecular
mouse genetics A New Era in Neuroscience
6
The Brains Picture of the External WorldThe
marriage between cognitive psychology and biology
of the brain

• Eric Kandel
• The brain does not simply take the raw data that
  it receives through the senses and reproduce it
  faithfully. In stead, each sensory system first
  analyzes and deconstructs, then restructures the
  raw, incoming information according t its own
  built-in connections and rulesThe sensory
  systems are hypothesis generators.
• What strategy does the brain use to read itself
  out? This question, which is central to the
  unitary nature of conscious experience, remains
  one of the many unresolved mysteries of the new
  science of mind.

7
Attention Must Be Paid!--Implicit memory versus
explicit memory
The cerebral cortex voluntarily recruits a
salient signal (dopamine), which causes the
animal to attend. This modulates activity in the
hippocampus, leading to long-term memory storage.
An outside stimulus automatically triggers a
salience signal (serotonin) in the animal
8
Book Review by Eric Kandelwith editors from
Neuron and Cell, May 2006, Harvard Campus
Elena Porro (Cell), Charles Yokoyama (Neuron),
Katja Brose (Neuron), Eric Kandel, Wen Chen, Kris
Dickson (Neuron), Emilie Marcus (Cell)
9
Outline

• A Return to Complex Memory
• 1971 Place cells, hippocampus and John OKEEFE
• 1973 Long-term Potentiation, Terje LØMO and Tim
  BLISS
• Synapses Also Hold Our Fondest Memories
• 1992 Molecular mouse genetics, Eric KANDEL and
  Susumu TONEGAWA
• The Brains Picture of the External World
• The marriage between cognitive psychology and
  biology of the brain
• Attention Must Be Paid!
• Implicit memory versus explicit memory

10

• NEXT