Seashore

1
Seashore

• Chelsea Lewis
• Marine Science
• Period II

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Coast

• Strips of land of indefinite width that extends
  from the shore inland to the first major change
  in terrain that is unaffected by marine processes

http//dbaron.org/photos/img_0870-Coast-small.jpg
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Coastal Zones

• Includes the open coast as well as the bays and
  estuaries found in coastal indentations

http//www.msstate.edu/dept/geosciences/CT/TIG/WEB
SITES/RESEARCH/Gregory_Harris/ma_jpg.jpg
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Shore

• Strips of ground bordering any body of water,
  which is alternately exposed and covered by tides
  and waves

http//www.edinphoto.org.uk/0_a_waterfront/0_aroun
d_edinburgh_-_waterfront_2bk36_the_forth_from_west
_shore_road.jpg
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Beach

• Zone of unconsolidated material between the mean
  low water line and the line of permanent
  vegetation, which is also the effective limit of
  storm waves

http//www.riparks.com/images/EastBeach2.JPG
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Primary Coast Features
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Sill

• Shallow area that separates two basins from one
  another or a coastal bay from the adjacent ocean

http//ess-sst.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/2002_2006/nrd/sla
vecomp/ni_cu_pge_e.php
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Fjord

• Narrow, deep, steep walled inlet of the ocean
  formed by the submergence of a mountainous coast
  or by the entrance of ocean into a deeply
  excavated glacial trough after the melting of the
  glacier

http//z.about.com/d/cruises/1/0/2/K/3/alaska_mist
y_fjords2.jpg
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Till

• unsorted glacial sediment

http//pubs /till2.gif.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216/tz/im
ages
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Moraine

• Glacial deposit of rock, gravel, and other
  sediment left at the margin of an ice sheet

http//www.landscapedvd.com/desktops/pictures/mora
ine384x288ls.jpg
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Ria Coast

• As the sea water levels rose, channels were
  filled with the seawater, producing coastal areas

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thum
b/b/bf/PortHacking-Sydney-Ria.jpg/400px-PortHackin
g-Sydney-Ria.jpg
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Delta

• Area of unconsolidated sediment deposit, usually
  triangular in outline, formed at the mouth of a
  river

http//www.geo.uu.nl/fg/palaeogeography/pictures/d
elta_evolution/delta.jpg
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Alluvial Plain

• Flat deposit of terrestrial sediment eroded by
  water from higher elevations

http//www.papuaweb.org/gb/foto/muller/ecology/01/
01.jpg
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Dune Coast

• Is a wind modified depositional coast

http//images.dpchallenge.com/images_challenge/609
/Copyrighted_Image_Reuse_Prohibited_443976.jpg
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Lava Coast

• Lava flows extend to the sea, forming black
  beaches

http//farm4.static.flickr.com/3091/2573182383_c96
fbeca54.jpg?v1213303946
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Fault Coast

• Where the faults run out into the oceans

http//www.wra01.gov.tw/new_images/yilan_coastal_d
ikes_images/yilan01_nEO_IMG.jpg
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Cratered Coast

• A beach coast with holes like they where formed
  with craters

http//i94.photobucket.com/albums/l117/VETFVER/Cra
ter20Lake20011.jpg
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Secondary Coast Features
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Sea Stacks

• Isolated mass of rock rising from the sea near a
  headland from which it has been separated by
  erosion

http//blog.islayinfo.com/images/articles/islay_se
a_stack_soldiers_rock_1.jpg
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Bars

• Offshore ridge of mound of sand, gravel, or other
  loose material, which is submerged, at least at
  high tide located especially at the mouth of a
  river or estuary, or lying a short distance from
  and parallel to the beach

http//www.menorca-net.co.uk/menorca/images/tomas-
beach.jpg
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Barrier Islands

• Deposits of sand, parallel to shore and raised
  above sea level may support vegetation and
  animal life

http//www.uvm.edu/jbartlet/nr260/wetland20forma
tion/barrierisland.jpg
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Spits

• Low tongue of land, or a relatively long, narrow
  shoal extending from the shore

http//www.nwrc.usgs.gov/images/breton_island_2004
big.jpg
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Hooks

• Spit turned landward at its outer end

http//www.savewalkerhook.com/gallery/walker_hook/
view2north5.jpg
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Reef Coast

• Are the results of the activities of sea organisms

http//www.dbnsa.gov.tw/attachment_file/00000104/a
18.jpg
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Mangrove Coast

• Mostly located in Florida

http//photos.igougo.com/images/p5642-Biscayne_Nat
ional_Park_FL-Seagrass_Meadows.jpg
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Salt Marshes

• May extend inland a considerable distance if the
  land is flat enough to permit periodic tidal
  flooding

http//coastal.beg.utexas.edu/thscmp/images/mustan
gisland/saltmarsh.jpg
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Beach Features
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Backshore

• Beach zone lying between the foreshore and the
  coast, acted upon by waves only during severe
  storms and exceptionally high water

http//www.sealightmeditations.com/img/landscape-s
eascape/gallery-2/scarp-I-backshore.jpg
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Foreshore

• Portion of the shore that includes the low tide
  terrace and the beach face

http//www.discoveringfossils.co.uk/coastal_format
ion_foreshore2.jpg
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Offshore

• Direction seaward of the shore

http//www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/no
n-renewable/images/offshore.gif
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Beach Status
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Erosional

• When sediments go through erosion

http//www.nab.usace.army.mil/projects/Maryland/Sm
ithIsland/WestShoreline.jpg
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Depositional

• When sediments are deposited

http//petroleum.mines.edu/315/2003PEGN315/P522000
6.jpg
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Beach Terraces
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Winter Berms

• The berm higher up the beach or closer to the
  coastline

http//www.floridahabitat.org/picture-gallery/Ibis
-RaptorBayGolfCourse20copy.jpg/image_preview
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Summer Berms

• Seaward berm, the berm closer to the water

http//www.peterromanelli.com/pics/lecounts_hollow
.jpg
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Berm Crest

• Ridge marking the seaward limit of a berm

http//www.americaswetlandresources.com/background
_facts/detailedstory/images/clip_image073.jpg
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Scarp

• Elongated and comparatively steep slope
  separating flat or gently sloping areas on the
  seafloor or on a beach

http//www.whoi.edu/cms/images/ibuynevich/2005/9/M
adaket20scarp20east_14342.jpg
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Beach Face

• Section of the foreshore normally exposed to the
  action of waves

http//w3.salemstate.edu/lhanson/gls214/images2/s
bmorph93nov(lsh).jpg
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Beach Types
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Tombolo

• Deposit of unconsolidated material that connects
  an island to another island or to the mainland

http//z.about.com/d/geology/1/0/h/T/tombolo800.jp
g
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Lag Deposits

• Large particles left on a beach after the small
  particles are washed away

http//www.uwgb.edu/DutchS/geophoto/aeolian/DPAVMT
1.jpg
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Cobble or Shingles

• Flat, water warm pebbles, or cobbles found in
  beds along a beach

http//www.allinone.co.uk/products/ProductsSubPage
s/landscape/clickToEnlarge/scottishCobbles.jpg
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Pocket Beaches

• Beaches that cut an elevated marine terrace

http//content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thum
b/f/fa/250px-Cape_of_Good_Hope.jpg
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Coral Shell Beaches

• Beaches covered in mostly coral shells

http//lh4.ggpht.com/_oRO_QKGKZXA/R3EVsRa9EsI/AAAA
AAAAAUs/AKVza5cCf04/DSCN0666.JPG
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Unusual Beach Colorations
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Green

• Beaches mostly covered with sea grass or seaweed

http//www.elenas-vieques.com/beach20fotos/grnbch
.jpg
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White

• Beaches that have a lot of salt content in the
  sand

http//members.aol.com/ulfly/sanddune.jpg
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Black

• Black beaches are from the lava flowing into the
  water

http//hawaiiwego.com/kalapana-shores-rental/1-bk-
kalapana-black-beach2.jpg
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Pink

• Beaches that are mostly covered from coral shells

http//msnbcmedia4.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Phot
o_StoryLevel/080408/080408-rainbow-beaches-antigua
-tourism-hmed.hlarge.jpg
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Artificial Processes to Control Coastal Areas
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Jetties

• Structure located to influence currents or
  protect the entrance to a harbor or river from
  waves

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be
/USACE_Rogue_River_jetties.jpg
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Breakwaters

• Structure protecting a shore area, harbor,
  anchorage, or basin from waves a type of jetty

http//drake.marin.k12.ca.us/stuwork/rockwater/Bea
ch20Erosion20-20Water20Project/breakwater20fo
r20solutions.jpg
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Sea Walls

• Man made walls that divide the water to a certain
  extent

http//www.beachhunter.net/images/BocaGrande/bocas
eawallwater_400x533web.jpg
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Bulk Heads

• Structure separating land and water areas

http//www.coastlineconsulting-ct.com/images/bs2.g
if
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Groins

• Protective structure for the shore, usually built
  perpendicular to the shoreline

http//www.learnnc.org/lp/media/collections/cede/c
edenhin19.jpg
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Army Corps of Engineering

• The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
  is a federal agency and a major Army command made
  up of some 34,600 civilian and 650 military
  personnel,1 making it the world's largest
  public engineering, design and construction
  management agency. Although generally associated
  with dams, canals and flood protection in the
  United States, USACE is involved in a wide range
  of public works support to the nation and to
  Department of Defense throughout the world.
• The Corps's mission is to provide military and
  public works services to the United States by
  providing vital engineering services and
  capabilities, as a public service, across the
  full spectrum of operations--from peace to
  war--in support of national interests.2 Their
  most visible missions include
• Planning, designing, building, and operating
  locks and dams. Other civil engineering projects
  include flood control, beach nourishment, and
  dredging for waterway navigation.
• Design and construction of flood protection
  systems (as in New Orleans) through various
  federal mandates (see Public Laws below).
• Design and construction management of military
  facilities for the Army and Air Force and other
  Defense and Federal agencies.
• Environmental regulation and ecosystem
  restoration.

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Beach Nourishment Programs

• Primary functions
• to provide protection to backshore property
• to increase the recreational space along the
  shore
• May replicate natural coastal processes by
  augmenting coastal sand budgets
• Sediment texture (grain size and sorting) is
  critical for success. Sand fill must be
  compatible with native beach sand.
• Environmental issues
• dredging may cause short-term direct mortality to
  sessile organisms, modifies seafloor habitats and
  sedimentary character
• burial of plants and organisms (Submersed aquatic
  vegetation (SAV), shellfish)
• blockage of light in water (coral reefs, SAV)
• toxicity of sediments
• dredging too close to shore can cause erosion
• changes critical habitat for nesting sea turtles
  and birds
• provides a false sense of security that increases
  development pressure

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Beach Pictures
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http//www.beachtownpress.com/db5/00415/beachtownp
ress.com/_uimages/beach7.jpg
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http//www.aloha.com/lifeguards/beach101801.jpg
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http//www.telaviv-insider.co.il/images/beach-sky.
jpg
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http//www.daylightonline.com/images/brasil/bahia_
beach_01.gif
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http//www.cbc.ca/sevenwonders/images/pic_wonder_w
reck_beach_lg.jpg
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http//www.kiama.nsw.gov.au/Corporate-Services/ima
ges/Seven-Mile-beach.JPG
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http//photos.igougo.com/images/p141513-Myrtle_Bea
ch-October_Sunrise.jpg
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http//inphotos.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/all
ihies-beach.jpg
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http//bluewaterrealtyinc.com/images/Kure_Beach_Pi
er.JPG
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http//www.hoganphoto.com/Kimbles_Beach_Tidal_Stre
am_a_a_.jpg
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http//www.kohomban.net/galle/images/beach03.jpg