RTP, NC1

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Assessing U.S Air Quality with Remote Sensing
Data via
Giovanni
Goddard Interactive Online Visualization ANd
aNalysis Infrastructure NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center
http//giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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Content

• What is Giovanni?
• Giovanni for Air Quality
• Trace gases in Giovanni
• Interoperability of Giovanni
• Case studies
• Giovanni and Google Earth

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About Giovanni

• Giovanni is a Web-based application developed by
  the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and
  Information Services Center (GES DISC).
• Giovanni provides a simple and easy way to
  explore, visualize, analyze, and access vast
  amounts of Earth science remote sensing and
  model data.
• http//giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/

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Capabilities

• Basic (one-parameter)
• Area plot averaged or accumulated over any data
  period for any rectangular area (various map
  projections)
• Time plot time series averaged over any
  rectangular area
• Hovmöller plots longitude-time or latitude-time
  cross sections
• ASCII output for all plot types (can be used
  with GIS apps)
• Image animation for area plot
• Vertical profiles
• Vertical cross-sections, zonal means
• Beyond basics
• Area plot - geographical intercomparison between
  two parameters
• Time plot - an X-Y time series plot of several
  parameters
• Scatter plot of parameters in selected area and
  time period
• Scatter plot of area averaged parameters -
  regional (i.e., spatially averaged) relationship
  between two parameters
• Temporal correlation map - relationship between
  two parameters at each grid point in the selected
  spatial area
• Temporal correlation of area averaged parameters
  - a single value of the correlation coefficient
  of a pair of selected parameters
• Difference plots
• Anomaly plots
• Acquiring parameter and spatial subsets in a
  batch mode through Giovanni

http//giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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The Power of Simplicity

• Only a Web browser is needed.

• No need to learn data formats and programming.

http//giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/

• No need to download large amounts of data.

• Customized data and analyses can be obtained with
  only a few mouse clicks.

Caution Giovanni is an exploration tool!
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AOT for June 2006
Terra MODIS
Parasol POLDER
Envisat MERIS
Aqua MODIS
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AOT Differences for June 2006
Terra MODIS Aqua MODIS
Aqua MODIS - POLDER
Terra MODIS MERIS
MERIS POLDER
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Scatter plots
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Time series
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Maps of NO2
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Maps of CO
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Profile Data Comparisons
HIRDLS
MLS
HIRDLS and MLS ozone (top) and temperature
(bottom) profiles acquired March 12, 2007, over
France during the passage of a weather front.
Note the tropopause fold (arrow) in the ozone
profiles. MLS vertical resolution is 3 km,
HIRDLS vertical resolution is 1 km.
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California fires by MODIS
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PM2.5 from AirNow in Giovanni
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Visualizing Californias Wildfires from Space
23-27 October 2007 Data from NASAs Aura OMI
(Tropospheric NO2 and UV Aerosol Index), Aqua
AIRS (Total Column CO) and
Terra MODIS (Aerosol Small Fraction, Cloud
Optical Thickness and Aerosol Mass Concentration
Over Land)
Tropospheric NO2
Total Column CO
UV Aerosol Index
OMI
OMI
AIRS
Aerosol Mass over Land
Cloud Optical Thickness
Aerosol Small Mode Fraction
MODIS
MODIS
MODIS
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Data Fusion (prototype) in
Terra
Terra Aqua
Aqua
Dust event, May 23, 2007
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Interoperability
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already in Giovanni 3.06
NASA GES DISC
Interoperability
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OGC and other m2m protocols

• WMS
• Via Map Server
• Via Giovanni
• WCS
• Via WebGIS
• Via Giovanni
• OPeNDAP Hyrax 4 serving data on 12 machines.
  Sample URLshttp//acdisc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/opend
  ap/http//atrain.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/opendap/
• WMS sample URL to get WMS data for
  'LAYERAIRX3STD_TOTO3_Ahttp//g0hep12u.ecs.nasa
  .gov/mapserv-bin/wms_ogc?TARGET_SRSEPSG4326Serv
  iceWMSVERSION1.1.1REQUESTGetMapSRSEPSG4326
  WIDTH768HEIGHT512BBOX-180,-90,180,90LAYERS
  AIRX3STM_TOTO3_A,coastline
• GDS (Grads-DODS)http//agdisc.gsfc.nasa.gov/dods
  /

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WMS and WCS in

• Serving MODIS data via WMS Maps (decorated and
  undecorated), time-series, Hovmoller,
  time-averaged maps, difference maps
• Example of Maps
• http//giovanniplus-ts1.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/daac-bin
  /G3/giovanni-wms.cgi?SERVICEWMSWMTVER1.0.0REQU
  ESTGetMapSRSEPSG4326EXCEPTIONSINIMAGEFORMAT
  GIFBBOX-130,24,-60,52TIME2006-02-01T000000Z
  WIDTH800HEIGHT400LAYERSMOD08_D3.005Optical
  _Depth_Land_And_Ocean_Mean
• Serving data via WCS 
• Here is a get capabilities url
• http//giovanniplus-ts1.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/daac-bin
  /G3/giovanni-wcs.cgi?SERVICEWCSWMTVER1.0.0REQU
  ESTGetCapabilities
•  

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WCS support outside of

• OMI NO2 (Level 3)getCapabilities and
  describeCoverage requests http//acdisc.sci.gsfc.
  nasa.gov/daac-bin/wcsNO2?servicewcsversion1.0.0
  requestdescribeCoveragehttp//acdisc.sci.gsfc.n
  asa.gov/daac-bin/wcsNO2?servicewcsversion1.0.0
  requestgetCapabilities
• getCoverage example requesthttp//acdisc.sci.gsf
  c.nasa.gov/daac-bin/wcsNO2?serviceWCSversion1.0
  .0requestgetCoverageCRSWGS84resx0.5resy0.5
  coverageNO2Totalbbox-179.75,-89.75,179.75,89.7
  5TIME2006-08-01/2006-08-04formatnetCDF
• AIRS X2RET (Level 2 collection
  5)getCapabilities and describeCoverage requests
  http//g0dup05u.ecs.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ceopAIRX2RET
  ?servicewcsversion1.0.0requestgetCapabilities
  http//g0dup05u.ecs.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ceopAIRX2RET
  ?servicewcsversion1.0.0requestdescribeCoverag
  e
• getCoverage requesthttp//g0dup05u.ecs.nasa.gov/
  cgi-bin/ceopAIRX2RET?serviceWCSversion1.0.0req
  uestgetCoveragecoverageH2OMMRStdcrsWGS84bbox
  -179.75,-89.75,179.75,89.75resX0.5resY0.5tim
  e2004-07-28formatnetCDF
• The server now supports 28 variables, including
  both 2D and 3D fields TSurfAir, TAirStd,
  GP_Height, GP_Surface, PSurfStd, TSurfStd,
  totH2OStd, H2OMMRStd, H2OMMRSat,
  H2OMMRSat_liquid, O3VMRStd, totO3Std, PCldTopStd,
  TCldTopStd, olr, clrolr, CO_total_column,
  CO_VMR_eff, CO_eff_press, CH4_total_column,
  CH4_VMR_eff, CH4_eff_press, GP_Height_MWOnly,
  sfcTbMWStd, EmisMWStd, totH2OMWOnlyStd,
  totCldH2OStd, and numCloud.
• OMI UVB and O3 (Level 3) coming shortly

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Air Quality Tools and Datasetson aerosols

• Available Science Data Sets (examples)
• PM2.5 station data - EPA AirNow ?(via WCS) ?
  DataFed (aggregated and gridded) ? (via WCS) ?
  Giovanni
• MODIS TERRA and AQUA total and Fine mode Aerosol
  Optical Depth
• CALIOP Aerosol Feature Mask curtain plots
• OMI NO2 Tropospheric column and Aerosol Index
• Useful Tools for Air Quality Applications
• AOD/ PM2.5 scatter plots, correlation maps, time
  series and difference plots
• AOD and PM2.5 loops for examining long range
  transport of aerosols

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Prototyping PM25 data in
PM2.5 (EPA? DataFed ? Giovanni)
Deep Blue MODIS
Aerosol Optical Depth
The standard MODIS AOT GOCART AOT
The standard MODIS AOT GOCART AOT (Goddard ?
DataFed ? Giovanni)
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Giovanni Air Quality Data (July 7th, 2006)
Level-3 MODIS AQUA AOD
EPA AirNow PM2.5 (ug/m3)
OMI Aerosol Index
CALIOP Aerosol Flag (yellow)

• MODIS and OMI imagery show smoke aerosols over
  the northeast, southeast and Great Lakes.
• CALIOP Aerosol Flag (yellow) confirms that
  aerosols are above the boundary layer
• EPA AirNow PM2.5 doesnt show anything around
  Great Lakes, i.e. aerosols are primarily above
  the boundary layer

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Giovanni Air Quality Services
AOD/PM2.5 Correlation Maps and Time Series
May 2007 AOD/PM2.5 correlation map over the
U.S Moderate to good correlation in the eastern
U.S No significant differences were found when
using the Fine Mode MODIS AOD. May 2007-
AOD and PM2.5 Time series over the southeast
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CALIPSO Elevated Smoke Layers over the US
Midwest
Giovanni MODIS Terra AOD map
Giovanni PM2.5 Map
Smoke
Smoke in Great Lakes region moving east
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Giovanni Air Quality tools
Understanding AOD/PM2.5 correlations
Level-3 MODIS AOD
May 22nd, 2007 Smoke over North Carolina. High
AOD and low PM2.5 (r0.54). There is also haze in
the southeast

• Improved correlation over this region when
  excluding smoke areas (r0.80)
• Giovanni data sets and tools help provide a more
  complete understanding of the origin, evolution,
  and vertical distribution of aerosol pollution
  over the continental U.S.

EPA PM2.5 (ug/m3)
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Giovanni Air Quality tools
Understanding AOD/PM2.5 correlations
EPA PM2.5 (ug/m3)

• CALIOP Aerosol Flag (yellow) for examining the
  vertical aerosol distribution.
• Aerosols in Georgia and Alabama from the surface
  to 4 km, AOD/PM2.5 correlation is moderately good
• Aerosols in the northeast are above boundary
  layer, AOD/PM2.5 correlation is poor

Level-3 MODIS AOD
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July 31st, 2007
In Canada and the north-central US, MODIS and OMI
show thick aerosols plumes. CALIOP overpass has a
plume above the boundary layer
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July 31, 2007 Haze over the south eastern US

• In the southeast (Tennessee, Mississippi,
  Alabama and Arkansas) MODIS and PM2.5 show good
  spatial agreement and have moderately good
  correlation (see scatter plot)
• Low OMI Aerosol Index and CALIPSO Aerosol flag
  (see previous slide) also indicate aerosols are
  primarily confined to the boundary layer in these
  states

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July 31, 2007 Haze over the south eastern US
OMI contours over MODIS AOD. White lines
indicated CALIPSO overpass
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Importing Giovanni Data into Google Earth
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A-Train in Google Earth via Giovanni Calipso
Lidar
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Analysis of U.S Air Quality Via

• Examined AOD and PM2.5 maps, correlation maps and
  time series plots. Fine Mode AOD also available
• High AOD/PM2.5 correlation indicates the MODIS
  algorithm is capturing aerosols at the surface in
  addition to elevated aerosols (if any)
• High AOD and low PM2.5 may indicate the presence
  of aerosol plumes above the boundary layer
• CALIPSO overpass (if available) together with
  AOD/PM2.5 correlations and scatter plots to
  qualitatively assess the vertical distribution of
  aerosols
• OMI measurements are less sensitive to aerosols
  in the boundary layer, so if OMI doesnt show
  high aerosol while MODIS does, it may indicate
  aerosol being in the boundary layer
• MODIS algorithm issues (e.g. retrieval problems
  over bright surfaces) may affect correlations

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Test Case - NO2 Air Pollution Data from Aura OMI
Iamges Courtesy of Mark O. Wenig, Eric J.
Bucsela, Edward A. Celarier, James F. Gleason,
NASA J. Pepijn Veefkind, K. Folkert Boersma,
Ellen Brinksma, KNMI