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Drill String Radar

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Title: Drill String Radar


1
Drill String Radar
Stolar Research Corporation848 Clayton
HighwayRaton, New Mexico(505) 445-3607
2
The Problem
  • Coal bed methane now accounts for 10 of the
    U.S. natural gas supply and supplies must
    increase to meet future energy needs
  • Extraction tax contributes millions of dollars
    per month to the state of New Mexico and
    provides 600 jobs in Raton.
  • Extraction recovers less than 5 of the BTUs of
    the coal bed
  • Cavitation extraction method spoils the coal bed
  • Environmental concerns include alteration of
    aquifers and destruction of wildlife habitat

3
Vertical Cavitation
4
The SolutionRadar-Controlled Directional
Drilling
  • Enables drilling within an undulating coal bed
  • Preserves sealing mudstone-shale sedimentary
    boundary layers of the coal bed, preventing
    aquifer drainage into the methane production
    wells.
  • Conserves coal reserves for future mining
  • Longhole drilling minimizes the need for surface
    reclamation

5
Horizontal Directional Drilling Markets
  • CBM and CNM production
  • Horizontal drilling in layered hydrocarbon
    deposits
  • National security, protection of U.S. assets

6
Conventional Sidetracking Undera Paleochannel
7
Current State of the Art
  • Boundary detected by gamma sensor and data sent
    by low-data-rate acoustic pulse up the drill
    rodfalls under sandstone paleochannel.
  • Slumber J Periscope technology features a
    multi-coil induction tool with three-layer
    modeling to determine well hole position relative
    to boundarynot a radar technology.

8
DSR SystemAdvances State of the Art
  • DSR system will meet two performance criteria.
  • Drillstring data transmission (DTS) system
  • Low-frequency radar antenna with up-and-down
    distance-measuring capability

9
DSR Principle Advantages
  • A directional transmitterantenna creates roof
    and floor detection modes (no rotation required)
  • Down-hole electrical power generation
    extendsbattery life
  • Radar data processed down-hole in real time
    provides navigational signals for steering
  • Technology for gas-flow intensification

10
DSR System Operation
11
DSR Operating Detail
  • Guides the drill within an undulating coal seam
    or other hydrocarbon reservoir

12
DSR Operating Detail
  • Uses directional antennas to distinguish between
    the top and bottom boundaries

Coal
Boundary Rock
Heat
Heat
13
DSR System Limitations
  • The medium being investigated cannot have
    excessive electrical losses
  • Boundaries must reflect the transmitted signal

14
DSR Drilling and RIM In-Seam Mapping
Develop and demonstrate a dual-phase methodology
of in-seam drilling, imaging, and structure
confirmation. This methodology
  • Uses DSR for real-time MWD guidance and
    navigationof drillstrings duringhorizontal
    drilling Scheduled forcompletionAugust 2006
  • Uses RIM to imagebetween drill holesfor seam
    thicknessestimates andin-seam
    structuredetectionCompletedFebruary 2005

15
DSR Competitive Advantages
  • No direct MWD technology competitors inEM field
    (coal exploration)
  • DSR provides guidance under sandstonepaleochannel
    s where gamma sensors typically fail
  • Eliminates sidetracks, reducing drilling cost
  • Impervious to cutter head noise, which
    negatesreal-time acoustic wave sensing
  • Measures anisotropic dielectric constant to
    determine cleat orientation

16
Drilling Horizontally with DSR
  • Horizontal directional drilling with radar
    navigationaccurately maps
  • Coal seam height
  • Elevation change (rolls)
  • Roof/floor rock type
  • Measuring anisotropicdielectric constant
    identifies
  • Changes in the coal bed cleat structure
  • Shear zones that affect mining

17
DSR Proof-of-Concept Demonstration
  • Testing showed the need for low radio-wave
    frequencies with separate transmitter and
    receiver antennas

Prototype Radar Testing
18
DSR Hardware Development
  • DTS Antenna and Battery Option
  • The DSR probe design is complete
    fabricationon-going.
  • Optional explosion-proof (XP) battery
    pack.Specifications 5 amp/hr,12 V,
    rechargeable(1,000 cycles)
  • Robust antenna housing fixture designed for
    rigors of drilling environment. Centered around
    intrinsically safe beryllium copper (BeCu) brush
    alloy torroidal antenna design. Prototype is
    based on 2.75-in. NQ drill pipe.

19
Hardware Development Progress
  • The DSR-Probe design is complete fabrication is
    on going
  • Water-flow power generator has been designed,
    built, and tested
  • Designed and built DTS torroidal antenna test sub
    for testing multiple antenna configurations
    on2-7/8 EUE pipe and NQ pipe for actual field
    demonstration
  • Working with Consol Energy on providing a data
    transmission line between our radar electronics
    and the processor for a secondary means of data
    transmission using their current acoustic system
  • The DTS torroidal antenna sub is the section of
    the DSR assembly that will be the anchor point
    for both the electronic and radar antenna
    assemblies
  • Most MSHA approvals secured (power, housings, and
    electronics antennas lacking I/S approvals)

20
DSR Hardware Photo Library
21
DSR Hardware Photo Library
22
DSR Hardware Photo Library
23
Turbine Generator Development
24
RF Electronics Features
  • DC blocks for antenna, an essential component of
    MSHA intrinsic safety certification
  • Advanced electronics finalized and integrated
    into DSR prototype.
  • The digital signal processing (DSP) board and
    multi-channel analog-to-digital interface board
    have been manufactured.
  • The intermediate-frequency (IF) DSP circuit has
    been manufactured.
  • A new F1/F1 modem transceiver induces signals on
    slickline or drillstring.

25
Positioning System Features
DSR Graphical User Interface Positioning Program
26
Preliminary Field Tests
  • Data transmission capabilities verified along
    in-seam drillstring.
  • The direction of the movement of the drillstring
    can be measured with a commercial gyrocompass and
    inclinometer.
  • MWD positioning software tested for functionality
  • By integrating the x, y, and z movement
    components of the drill head, the position of the
    bottom-hole assembly can be determined.

27
Coal and Rock Electrical Tests
  • Analysis of coal and rock EM properties
  • WVU continues to evaluate coal and rock samples
    from various coal mines. Samples were cored and
    their electrical properties measured. These
    measurements are critical for proper radar design.

28
Coal and Rock Electrical Tests
29
Test Sites
  • Raton deviated boreholes for detection and
    tracking of the air-soil boundary
  • Utah SUFCO and Deer Creek coal mines

30
SUFCO Boreholes
Hole Depth Orientation A
17.5 Sloped up at 10 degrees B
23.3 Sloped up at 6 degrees C 10.0
Horizontal D 25.0 Sloped down
at 13 degrees E 20.0 Horizontal F
20.0 Horizontal
31
McElroy Coal Mine
Roof Rock
32
McElroy Coal Roof Rock - Bedding Plane
33
McElroy Roof Parting Rocks-Primary Cleats
34
EnCana Oil-Saturated Limestone
Coal and its roof rock at a Pittsburgh seam have
much lower losses than the oil-saturated and
water-saturated limestone rocks of EnCana
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