Atherosclerosis Arteriosclerosis the Silent Killers

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Atherosclerosis / Arteriosclerosis
the Silent Killers

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• Shauntai Paree Taylor

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What is Arteriosclerosis? (1-Reference)

• Greek word which actually means hardening of the
  arteries.
• The arteries of the cardiovascular system develop
  areas which become brittle and hard.
• Vessels become thickened and there is a loss of
  elasticity.
• Can cause nodules in the arterial walls and
  ultimately block the canal of the artery.

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What is Atherosclerosis (1-Reference)

• Buildup of fatty deposits in the innermost lining
  of large and medium-size arteries.
• Leads to arteriosclerosis

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Prevalence

• Men, especially white men, are more prone to the
  condition than women. The rate of coronary heart
  disease is roughly six times greater for white
  males between the ages of 35 and 44 than it is
  for women.
• ( Davis, F.A.1997)
• Leading major cause of death in North America.

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Nonreversible risk factors( Davis, F.A.1997)

• Family history of premature atherosclerosis
• Age
• male sex
• postmenopausal women
• Race

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Reversible risk factors(1- Reference)

• Hypertension
• Diabetes mellitus
• Abnormal serum lipid levels
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Stress

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Symptoms(2-Reference)

• High blood pressure occurs as the arteries become
  hardened and rigid.
• Peripheral Vascular Disease occurs as the
  circulation is impaired to the upper and lower
  extremities.
• Recurrent Kidney infections.
• Poor circulation to the fingers and toes.

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Complications (3-Reference)

• Angina pectoris
• Myocardial Infarction
• Arrhythmias
• Heart failure
• Kidney failure
• Ischemic stroke

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Diagnosis(2- Reference)

• If arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis is suspected,
  an evaluation should be performed. The
  evaluation may include a physical examination and
  specific tests such as ECG (electrocardiogram
  records the electrical activity of the heart),
  arteriogram, a stress test, blood tests, and
  ultrasound or CT scan of the affected area.

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Treatments(Henderson, C. W. 1997), ( Davis,
F.A.1997)

• Initially relieving symptoms and causes such as
  hypertension
• Weight loss
• Treatment of Diabetes
• Stop smoking
• Reducing dietary calcium
• Increased dietary magnesium
• Vasodilators, Beta-adrenergic blockers, or
  Calcium Channel Inhibitors

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Types of Surgeries(3-Reference)

• Balloon angioplasty (insertion of a balloon used
  to flatten plaque against artery walls) may be
  used to increase blood flow.
• Coronary artery bypass surgery is an open heart
  operation that allows for the
• insertion of blood vessels or other tubes to
  permit the flow of blood around
  blockages in coronary arteries.

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References

• Davis, F. A., Tabers Cyclopedia Medical
  Dictionary 18th Edition. 1997. F. A. Davis
  Company. Philadelphia,PA.
• Henderson, C. W., 2001. Compound's Anti-Obesity
  Properties Confirmed In Second Gerbil Study.
  Obesity, Fitness Wellness Week. P9.
• 1-Information on Arteriosclerosis. on-line
  Available at http//www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/se
  ction16/chapter201/201b.htm
• 2-Understanding Arteriosclerosis. on-line
  Available at http//www.symptomtracker.com/page10
  97.htm
• 3-Arteriosclerosis, on-line Available at
  http//www.rush.edu/worldbook/articles/001000a/001
  000225.html