Earliest Peoples of the Bering Sea

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Earliest Peoples of the Bering Sea

• New Discoveries in the Aleutians

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Unalaska Hog Island
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Unalaska Hog Island
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Uknodok Site, Hog Island
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Structure 1 B Block
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Anagula Phase Cores Blades Hog Island
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Anangula Phase Burins Scrapers Hog Island
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Blades
Microblades
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UNL 115 Blade width distributions
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Anangula Phase, Pumice abraders Pebble Chopper
Hog Island
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Anangula Blade Site

• Located on Anangula Island next to Umnak Island
  in the Aleutians
• Excavated by Wm. S. Laughlin beginning in the
  early 1960s
• Dated to 8400 B.P. at that time, the earliest
  site in the Aleutians
• At the time of occupation, the sea level was
  close to modern levels
• Umnak was an Island maritime adaptation

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A.P. Okladnikovs Asian Traits at Anangula

• Levallois tradition Blades
• Gobi Cores
• Pebble Tools
• Mousteriod Points
• Skreblo (large scraper cf. ulu)
• Angle Burins
• Transverse Burins

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Land Route to North America
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Tundra or Mammoth Steppe ?
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Coastal route
Coastal Route 13,000 B.P.?

• Monte Verde

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• Kayak and Atlatl

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Harpoons and Bifaces
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William Laughlins View of New World Migrations
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Unalaskan Chronology and archaeological sites
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Climates of the last 11,000 years
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Eastward Expansions

• Thule 1000 1200 C.E.
• Early Dorset 2,500 BP
• Arctic Small Tool Tradition ca 4,000 BP

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Thule eastward expansion 1000 1200 C.E.
Independence Fjord
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Crystal II Site Late Dorset ca 500 1000 CE
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Summer Bay, Unalaska ca. 2,000 BP
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Dorset birds, Eastern Arctic
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Bird Head, Margaret Bay Ca. 3,200 BP
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Arctic Small Tool Tradition, West Greenland
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Independence I Greenland ca 4000 bp
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Margaret Bay Phase ca 3400 BP
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Museum of the Aleutians
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Steller Sea Lion
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Margaret Bay, UNL 48, Level 4 Microblades
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Pre-Dorset Lithics from the Eastern Arctic, ca
2500 BP