Wednesday Oct. 18

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Wednesday Oct. 18

• Turn in packet page 7. 8 and 9
• Objectives
• Brainpop review
• Types of Evolution
• Homework packet p. 16 on separate paper 1,2
  and 5

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Quiz Friday

• Questions from book section 13.1-13.3
• Similarities between Lamarck and Darwin
• How does evolution happen?
• a. Lamarck- theory of acquired characteristics
  and theory of use and disuse
• b. Darwin- theory of natural selection
• Concept map- natural selection
• Variation Lab
• Adaptation
• Natural Selection Activity

3

• Create a concept generalization to DEFINE natural
  selection using the following terms
• offspring variation
• population favorable
• survive environment
• reproduce over time
• adaptation
• Limit generalization to less than fivesentences!!
• Underline key terms in generalization!

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Word adapt in biology is different from every
dayWhen speaking of evolution you should NEVER
say adapt. You will lose points.

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Organisms.Cannot learn to adapt OR Cant go
through adaptationAdaptation means favorable
variationSubstitute words Favorable variation
for the word adaptation
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Which are okay to say?The butterfly with the
eyespots had an adaptation that allowed it to
escape predatorsif the fly doesnt have the
adaptation it has less chance of reproducingThe
hawk adapted by getting better eyesight

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Does the theory of natural selection (charles
darwin) mean that the strongest will survive?
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NO!! The best suited for the environment survives
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Does the theory of evolution suggest humans came
from monkeys or apes?
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No! Humans did not come from monkeys or apes
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When you are thinking of evolution, do not think
of humans because we are so complicated.

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What is the goal of every living thing?

• To reproduce and pass on its genes

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Why is it important that populations have
variations like Darwin suggested?Less chance of
an entire population dying
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Why are there no Pokey cheetahs? Directional
Selection
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Why are there no REALLY big elephants and no
REALLY small elephants? Stabilizing selection

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Disruptional Selection results when populations
are split by natural disturbance (I.e. Zaire R.
in this ex.)
Pygmy Chimpanzee
Common Chimpanzee
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Goal for todays lesson

• Different types of information scientists have
  found that provide evidence of evolution
• 1. Fossils
• 2. Molecular similarities in proteins nucleic
  acids
• 3. Anatomical similarities among organisms
• 4. Similarities among developmental patterns of
  organisms

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Evidence For EvolutionTypes of Evolution
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Evidence for Evolution

• FOSSIL EVIDENCE AND RADIOMETRIC DATING
• MORPHOLOGY (study of structures of present day
  organisms)
• BIOCHEMICAL SIMILARITIES (comparing DNA, RNA,
  variety of proteins)
• EMBRYOLOGY (similarities between organisms and
  other organisms pre-birth structure)

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Comparative Embryology
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Comparing DNA (Genes)
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Comparing Proteins (Enzymes)
B. taurus (Cow) Trypsin
S. griseus (Bacteria) Trypsin
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Cladogram- Evolutionary relationships
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Cladogram- Evolutionary relationships
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• Divergent Evolution
• (B) Convergent Evolution

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Convergent Evolution

• Unrelated organisms in similar environments
  develop features that are FUNCTIONALLY similar
  but STRUCTURALLY and GENETICALLY different.
• ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES

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Divergent Evolution

• Related organisms that have similar STRUCTURES
  and DNA, but FUNCTIONS may be SLIGHTLY different.
• HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES

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Adaptive Radiation

• A type of DIVERGENT EVOLUTION, but with many new
  SPECIES forming from a SINGLE ANCESTOR
• Usually the result of many consecutive events of
  REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION (storms, earthquakes,
  geological events, etc.)

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REVIEW

• Speciation creation of a new species
• 2 different species cannot reproduce and produce
  fertile, viable offspring
• Members of same species with variation can still
  interbreed

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Divergent evolution

• Two species are created from common ancestor
  usually by geographic isolation
• Example polar bear to other species of bears

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Adaptive Radiation

• One species with lots of variation scatters into
  several niches and evolve into several new
  species
• Example Finches in Galapagos

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Convergent Evolution

• Two species, unrelated, have similar traits
• Example sharks fins, whales fins, fish fins,
  butterflies wings and bird wings, bat wings
• Example several cat and maned wolf

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Convergent evolution

• Unrelated organisms develop similar adaptations
  to the environment in which they live

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Coevolution

• Two species evolve independently and often adapt
  together to become interdependent
• Example flower and bee (pollinator)

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Selective Breeding (artificial selection)

• Selection by humans
• Coevolution is driven by natural selection