Title: ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH PAPER
1ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH PAPER
- By
- Mrs. Gana Harris
- For
- Eleventh Grade
- Honors English III English III
2General Objectivehttp//owensville.k12.mo.us/r2cu
rriculum/Communications/honengIII.htm
- CA HE 3-5E CA E 3-5E
- The students will compose, revise, rewrite a
research paper
3Concept Map
4Plagiarism
- Plagiarism is presenting the ideas or words of
another as if they were ones own. - To avoid plagiarism a writer simply acknowledges
the sources used in a paper. - Plagiarism is found in direct quotations,
paraphrases, and summaries.
5Avoiding Plagiarism
- Document all direct quotations (word for word
from the text) - Document information the writer has paraphrased
or summarized from the text (this includes all
ideas and expressions that are adapted from
sources) - DO NOT document common knowledge (the same
information found in several different sources or
if it is knowledge that people have) - WHEN IN DOUBT-CITE SOURCE
6Paraphrasing
- Paraphrasing is the rewording the meaning
expressed in something spoken or written, using
other words, but retaining all the original
ideas. - The key passages of a written selection are
explained in a persons own words. - This must have internal citation in an essay or
in a research paper.
7Guidelines of Paraphrasing
- Locate the main idea.
- List the supporting details.
- Determine the tone of the selection (remember the
tone is the writers attitude toward a subject-
serious or angry) - Rework the vocabulary
- Rewrite each sentence in a persons own
words - Make a list of all the ideas in the source
and the write - an original sentence containing these
ideas. - CREDIT THE AUTHOR USING INTERNAL CITATION
-
8Paraphrasing Practice
- Directions Read and paraphrase the following
quotation from Douglas Prestons The Mysterious
Money Pit. - Here in Mahone Bay, about 40 miles southwest of
Halifax, Nova Scotia, I am at the site of the
most intensive treasure hunt in history, a hunt
that has lasted 193 years, cost millions of
dollars and killed six men. The reason for it
all is a narrow water-filled shaft called Money
Pit- and what me be hidden in its muddy depths.
9Paraphrasing of Douglas Prestons direct
quotation by student
10One way Douglas Prestons direct quotation could
be paraphrased
- The Money Pit is a deep, narrow shaft on an
island in Mahone Bay, near Halifax, Nova Scotia.
For 193 years, people have been digging in the
mud at the bottom of the shaft in search of
buried treasure. Six men have lost the lives and
millions of dollars have been spent seeking the
treasure (INTERNAL CITATION NEEDED).
11Summary
- A summary in a persons own words, records only
the main ideas of a passage. A writer should use
this method when pulling together general ideas
from a source.
12Guidelines for Writing a Summary
- Look for the topic sentence or the main ideas.
- Write these down in ones own words.
- Look for answers to questions, solutions to
problems, and conclusions drawn from the
information presented. - Write these down.
- Look for key facts, statistics, and words.
- Make a list of these items.
- Reduce material by eliminating unnecessary
details. - Write the summary in ones own words using the
notes taken from the above used strategies. - CITE SOURCES IN THE FORM OF INTERNAL CITATION
13Summarizing Practice
- Directions Read and summarize the following
passage from Michael Weisskopfs In the Sea,
Slow Death by Plastic - A number of scientists believe that plastic is
the most far-reaching, man-made threat facing
many marine species, annually killing or maiming
tens of thousands of seabirds, seals, sea lions
and sea otters, and hundreds of whales, dolphins,
porpoises and sea turtles. . .
14 Michael Weisskophs quotation continued
- Plastics devastating effect on an entire
population of marine animals was first observed
in the late 1070s. The victims were the northern
fur seals of the Pribilof Islands, which are
located in the Bering Sea west of Alaska.
Scientists from the National Marine Mammal
Laboratory (NMMI-a division of the National
Marine Fisheries Service) found that , beginning
in 1976, the seal population was declining at a
rate of 4 to 6 percent annually. They concluded
that plastic entanglement was killing up to
40,000 seals a year.
15Students summary of Weisskophs quotation
16One way to summarize Weisskopfs quotation
- Scientists now feel that plastic is responsible
for death and injury to a vast number of sea
animals. The National Marine Mammal Laboratory
has linked the decline of fur seals in the
Pribilof Islands off Alaska, at the rate of
perhaps 40,000 a year since 1976, to the seals
becoming entangled in plastic (INTERNAL CITATION
NEEDED).
17Reading techniques for background information
- Skim material for a general idea of what it
contains - Scan material looking for a specific piece of
information - Slowly and carefully read selected information
- While reading identify main ideas, relationships
among the ideas, draw inferences or conclusions
from the material
18Thesis Statement
- A thesis statement is the main point of an essay
or a research paper. - The entire writing will support this statement.
- It is ONE SENTENCE.
- The format for this sentence can be simple,
compound, complex, or compound-complex. - It is located in the introductory paragraph of
the writing.
19Thesis Statement Practice
- Directions Use the following items of purpose
to create a thesis statement. - Define laser technology
- Review history of lasers in the field of
- medicine
- Describe many ways doctors in various
specialties are using lasers to heal the sick
20Student thesis statement
21Sample Thesis
- Lasers have had their most important and most
dramatic effects in the field of medicine.
22Formal Outline
- A formal outline not only lays out main ideas and
their support, but it also shows the relative
importance of all the papers elements and how
they connect with each other. - This research paper will use a topic outline
format. - Every heading is a gerund phrase (Preventing
abuse)
23Example of a gerund phrase outline
- II. Abusing issues of young children
- A. Facing problems
- 1. Recognizing a problem
- 2. Recognizing child-oriented
myths - 3. Discovering abuse
- 4. Helping after the fact
- B. Involving statistics of abuse
- 1. Increasing amounts of abuse
- 2. Showing specific examples
- 3. Helping without professional
assistance - 4. Preventing child abuse
24Source Cards
- On a separate card for each source include the
following information - Author
- Title
- Date of publication
- Place of publication
- Publication company
- Each source card has an alphabetical letter in
the upper right hand corner
25Example of a source card
-
A - Anderson, J. (1982). There Was Harlem. New
York Farrar Straus Giroux.
26Student created source card
- Directions Write a source card below.
27Note Card
- Use note cards to record specific information.
- Place one subject on a card
- Each note card has an alphabetical letter to
match the source card in the upper right hand
corner along with a number of the card. - Each card has a categorizing label in the upper
left hand corner. - Information includes direct quotations (page
numbers also), lists of ideas or words for
paraphrasing or summarizing (page numbers also)
28Note card example
- Teaching
A 3 - Savage felt her teaching was an important part
of her legacy(42)
29Student example of a note card
30Scoring Guide
- The students oral feedback on each section of
the lesson
31Lesson Summary
- The students will become acquainted with the
elements of writing a research paper
32References
- Carrol, Joyce Armstrong, Edward
- E. Wilson, and Gary Forlini.
- Eds. Writing and Grammar
- Communication in Action Ruby Level. Upper
Saddle River - Prentice Hall, Inc., 2001.
33Career Areas
- Scientists
- Marketing
- Business Management
34The basic elements of creating a research paper
are complete. The next step is for the writer to
gather information on the chosen topic.