Persistent%20Organic%20Pollutants%20in%20Marine%20Ecosystems

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Persistent Organic Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems
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PoPs in Swedish Breast Milk
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HalogenatedAromatic Hydrocarbons

• Chlorine
• Bromine
• Fluorine

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Types of PoP

• Pesticides
• Industrial Chemicals
• By-Products

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Toxicity of PoPs

• Related to structure
• Related to most toxic substance
• 2,3,7,8 tetrachloro dibenzo dioxin
• Toxicity Equivalent - TEQ
• Relative Factor of 1 for 2,3,7,8 TCDD

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Dioxins/Furans

• 75 individual chlorinated dioxins
• 135 individual chlorinated furans
• Very stable bind to soils and sediment

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Associated Issues

• Bioaccumulation Biomagnification
• Loss of higher predators
• Adverse impacts on marine food chains
• Fish eating Gt Lakes of North America, Baltic
  North Sea
• Birth defects, reduced aptitude in new born
  babies
• Endocrine Disruption

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pcwww.liv.ac.uk/aquabiol/BIOL202_Web/
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PCBs Major Problems

• Baltic Sea North Sea
• Gt Lakes of North America
• Hudson River
• Local difficulties
• Mersey Estuary Liverpool Bay

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Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls

• 209 Compounds - ca 100 in env
• Highly inert
• Introduced 1930s
• Discovered in environment 1966 by Jensen in
  Sweden during analysis for DDT
• 750,000 tonnes manufactured

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Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls

• Banned by USEPA in new uses in 1979
• Manufacture completely banned in 1984

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Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls

• Technical Mixtures
• Arochlor 1242
• Arochlor 1254
• Arochlor 1262

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PCBs
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Flame Retardents

• Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

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Impacts of tissue residues

• Endocrine Disruption

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Intersex Flounder
Intersex Mersey Male Flounder Gonad
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Endocrine Disruption

• Molluscs TBT - IMPOSEX

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Nucella