Energy

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Energy Sustainable Development

• David R. Munoz
• Director
• Humanitarian Engineering
• Colorado School of Mines

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Rationale Future Global Accommodation

• Energy
• Food
• Water
• Peace
• Note There are connections

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Water

• 1.1 billion people without access to potable
  water.
• 2.4 billion people without access to adequate
  sanitation.
• All of it takes energy to access.

UN World Water Development Report - Water for
People Water for Life. (March 2003)
http//news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/w
orld/2000/world_water_crisis/default.stm
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Food

• Much of it travels a long way to reach us, with
  the transport costs adding hugely to the
  "embodied energy" it contains. There's a lot to
  be said for eating local, seasonal food where we
  can.
• Energy is used to grow and process foods.

http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4038205.stm
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Global Energy Perspective

• Present Primary Power Mix
• Future Constraints Imposed by Sustainability
• Theoretical and Practical Energy Potential of
  Various Renewables
• Challenges to Exploit Renewables Economically
  on the Needed Scale

Nathan S. Lewis, California Institute of
Technology Division of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering Pasadena, CA 91125 http//nsl.caltech.
edu/energy.html
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Global Energy Consumption
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Mean Global Power Consumption, 1998
Total 12.8 TW U.S. 3.3 TW (99 Quads)
Renew
Hydro
Gas
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Energy Costs
0.05/kW-hr
Europe
Brazil
www.undp.org/seed/eap/activities/wea
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Energy Reserves and Resources
RsvReserves ResResources
Resource Base/(1998 Consumption/yr)
Reserves/(1998 Consumption/yr)
Oil 40-78 51-151 Gas
68-176 207-590 Coal 224 2160
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Conclusions

• Abundant, Inexpensive Resource Base of Fossil
  Fuels
• Renewables will not play a large role in
  primary power generation
• unless/until
• technological/cost breakthroughs are achieved,
  or
• unpriced externalities are introduced (e.g.,
  environmentally
• -driven carbon taxes)

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Energy and Sustainability

• Its hard to make predictions, especially
  about the future
• M. I. Hoffert et. al., Nature, 1998, 395, 881,
  Energy Implications of Future Atmospheric
  Stabilization of CO2 Content
• adapted from IPCC 92 Report Leggett, J. et. al.
  in
• Climate Change, The Supplementary Report to the
• Scientific IPCC Assessment, 69-95, Cambridge
  Univ.
• Press, 1992

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Three Legs of Sustainable Development
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Global Sustainability

• Effectiveness over Efficiency.
• Waste is Food.
• We design for all of the children of all species
  for all time.

Ref. William McDonough, Architect and Designer in
Sustainable Development
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Water Application Project Colinas de Suiza,
Honduras

• Initiated in 2003 50th wedding anniversary
• Initially a sanitation project
• 2004 - traveled with students to investigate
• Decided to focus on water first
• 2005 - traveled with students to map aquifer
• Hard lesson on GPS data
• 2006 traveled with students to map village
  (GPS)
• 2007 Developed WaterCAD modeling capability -
  Implementation

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2004 - Problem Identified
The Project Location
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Located on the southern part of the Sula Valley
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The Beginning Meeting with the People
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DATA ACQUISITION Community children and leaders
help the engineering students in October, 2004
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A Preliminary Design Emerges
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2005 - Groundwater Mapping in Honduras
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2006 GPS Mapping
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2007 Meeting with the People
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Proposed Water Tank Location Near Schools
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Water tank under construction
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2006 Map Development
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2007 - Piping Configuration Red 6 dia. from
pump Dark Blue 4 mains Light Blue 2
submains. 30 of ½ pipe and ball valve to each
house.
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Water System Implementation Timeline - 2007

• February - Proposal submitted to Plastic Pipe and
  Fitting Assoc for in-kind donation.
• May/June - People of Colinas de Suiza have agreed
  to build the 200,000 gallon tank.
• May/June - Local vendor selected to drill well
  and install pump.
• August - Piping System Construction
• CSM Students work with village leaders and
  municipality engineer to help coordinate the
  construction.

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Phase 2

• Locate funds to encourage four families to use
  the Eco-toilet.
• Identify interested families.
• Design/construct toilets and gardens.

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Phase 2 (cont.)
Introduce Eco-Toilet by example (Guatemalan
Double Vault)
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Phase 2 - Fertilizing with Urine (EcoSan)
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Questions ?