Vertebrae

1
Vertebrae

• body (corpus)
• extremitas cran. (convex) caud. (concave)
  discus intervertebralis, NO synovial joints !
• arch (arcus) 2x pediculus lamina
• DORSAL! orientation
• incisura cran. caud. ? foramen intervertebrale
• (for. vertebrale laterale)
• processes (processus)
• proc. spinosus, transversus, articularis
• proc. mamillaris (cran. artic.), accessorius

2
cervical vertebrae

• ? mobility
• ? body very convex concave
• ? articular surfaces very large
• - proc. transv. ? tuberculum dors. ventr.
• - for. transversarium? (cervical only)

3
cervical vertebrae, C1

• C1 atlas, nodding movement
• body ? massa lat., proc. transv. ? wing (ala
  atlantis), no proc. articularis, proc. spinosus ?
  tuberculum
• cran. deep excavation for condylus occipitalis
• ventral excavation fossa alaris
• foramina (interspec. diff.)
• for. alare ? fossa alaris
• for. vertebrale lat. (MED!) ? canalis
  vertebralis
• for. transversarium ? perforates proc. transv.

4
cervical vertebrae

• C2 axis, rotatory movement
• cran. projection dens axis
• interspec. diff. shape of dens
• fac. articul. cran.
• proc. spinosus
• C6 tuberculum ventr.? lamina ventralis
• C7 caud attachment of 1st rib, NO for. transv.

5
thoracic vertebrae

• attachment of ribs (small proc. transv.)
• - on body fovea costalis cran. caud.
• ? head of rib
• - on proc. transv. fovea costalis proc. transv.
• ? tubercle of rib
• high proc. spinosus

6

• lumbar vertebrae large proc. transversus
• interspec. diff. direction of proc. transv.
• proc. spinosus ratio (high)
• sacral vertebrae fused to form the sacrum
• proc. transv. ? ala ossis sacri
• (facies auricularis hip bone)
• interspec. diff. position of wing, shape of
  bone, direction of auricular surface,
• fusion of procc. spinosi articul.
• caudal vertebrae reduction of processes

7

• ribs prox.
• head (caput) ? body of vertebrae
• neck (collum)
• tubercle (tuberculum) ? proc. transversus
• directed caudally! ? R/L?
• sulcus muscularis (craniolat. expand thorax
  during respiration)
• sulcus costae (vessels nerv caudomed.,
  protected)

8

• sternum
• cran. manubrium
• body (corpus)
• caud. proc. xiphoideus
• interspec. diff. shape
• (Eq crista ventralis sterni)