Pellets in North Carelia

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Pellets in North Carelia

• Joensuu 14.6.2005
• Anssi Kokkonen

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Why pellets?

• Renewable, ecological fuel
• Good fuel properties
• Easy to use and store
• Logistically sensible non-fossil fuel

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Comparison of different fuels
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Quality

• Direct relation to raw material, production etc.
• Important factor for positive development
• Most difficult and demanding users are small
  households

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• QUALITY OF WOODPELLETS
• Product specification
• Origin 1.2.1.1. Chemically untreted wood, wood
  excluding bark
• Tradedform Wood pellets
• Manufacturer Vapo Oy Energia
• Dimensions (mm)
• Diameter (D) and Length (L) D06 6mm 0,5 mm
  and L 5 x Diameter
• D08 8mm 0,5 mm and L 4 x Diameter
• Moisture (w- as received) M10 10
• Ash (w- as received) A0.7 0,7
• Sulphur (w- of dry basis) S0.05 0,05
• Mechanical durability (w-) DU97.5 97,5
• Fines (w-, lt 3,15 mm) F1.0 1,0 at the
  factory gate
• Nitrogen (w- of dry basis) N0.3 0,3
• Net Calorific Value, qp,net,ar E4.7 4,7 kWh/kg
• Bulk Density BD600 600 kg/m3 loose
• Chlorine, Cl (w-) Cl0.03 0,03
• Criterias based on CEN/TC 335/WG2

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Conversion techniques

• Wood pellet heating
• Burner technique used lt700 kW
• Grate combustion gt700 kW (up to 3 MW)
• CHP plants using coal as fuel can also use
  pellets (dust combustion)
• Efficiency of up to 90 is achieved
• with wood chips combustion gt50 kW
• with wood pellet combustion gt5 kW

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• automatic start, also after power failure
• boiler thermostat control
• are suitable for old wood boilers
• burners built inside a boiler will be the future
  trend less maintenance work
• also stokers can use pellets as fuel, best to use
  pellets together with chips
• careful control setting, as pellets energy
  content is much higher

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Pellet heating plant 250 kW
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Pellet heating plant 600 kW
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North Carelia

• Pellets started to come less than 10 years ago
• One pellet mill (Vapo Oy)
• Capacity ca. 35 000 tn/a, planned to be ca. 70
  000 tn/a after investments
• Users are mostly private houses and
  municipalities, effect 5-500 kW (almost 20 over
  50 kW centres)

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Finlands leading areas in development of pellet
sector development of production techniques,
burners, heating centres etc.
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• Testing and production of different raw materials
  for pellets
• Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) is a new
  crop in Finland
• Can be cultivated in fields or cut-away areas
  released from peat production
• Produces harvest for 10-12 years
• Needs relatively little fertilizer
• Suitable fertilizers include ash, waste water
  sludge and various composts
• Has provided to be the highest-yielding grass
  grown for energy

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The development of the cultivation area under
reed canary grass
ha
All together Vapo
3500
3000
2500
2000
Eastern Finland
1500
Northern Finland
1000
500
Western Finland
0
before year 2000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
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