ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE

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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE

• Contagious pustular dermatitis/milkers nodules
• Orf
• Bovine papular stomatitis
• Contagious ecthyma
• Zoonotic smallpox
• Monkey pox

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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE

• Poxviruses are largest viruses known 200-400nm
• Enveloped, oval to brick-shaped
• First recognized as far back as 1100 BC--Ramses V
  died of smallpox
• Effect a number of avian and mammalian species

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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE
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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE
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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE

• Epidemiology
• Reservoir
• orf - sheep, goats, musk ox, reindeer
• milkers nodules, papular stomatitis - cattle
• contagious echthyma - camels
• monkey pox - squirrels, rats

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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE

• Epidemiology
• Occurrence
• orf - worldwide among farmers, veterinarians,
  shepherds, abbatoir workers especially in New
  Zealand
• monkey pox - African rainforest
• Very resistant-can survive long time in
  environment, but sensitive to UV-light

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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE

• Epidemiology
• Transmission
• orf
• direct contact with mucous membranes of infected
  animals
• during administration of vaccine
• person-person rare
• passive transfer from contaminated inanimate
  objects

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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE

• Epidemiology
• Transmission
• Monkey pox
• direct contact with infected animals
• person to person common

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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE

• Clinical features - Orf
• Incubation period 3-6 days
• lesion
• usually solitary, red to purple vesiculonodule
• progresses to weeping lesion
• disseminated disease and ocular damage may occur

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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE

• Clinical features - Orf
• Diagnosis
• may be misdiagnosed as anthrax or cancer
• history of contact with sheep, goats
• EM studies
• cell culture
• serological tests

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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE

• Clinical features - Monkey pox
• Incubation period unknown
• Symptoms
• similar to smallpox, but not as contagious nor as
  deadly
• fever
• pus-filled blisters
• breathing difficulties

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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE

• Clinical features - Monkey pox
• Case fatality ratio 15 in children
• Recent outbreak
• Democratic Republic of Congo
• 1996-1997
• 511 cases (mostly lt16 yrs of age)
• 6 deaths

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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE

• Clinical features - Monkey pox
• Treatment
• Cidofovir (Gilead Sciences, California)
• shows promise in primates
• prevents death and disease
• first evidence of effective treatment against
  orthopox virus infections

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ZOONOTIC POX VIRIDAE

• Diagnosis - General
• antigenically complex
• produce specific and cross-reacting antibodies
• unique ability to vaccinate for one disease with
  another pox virus
• vaccinia virus (cowpox) - determined by Jenner to
  be effective against smallpox
• recombinant vaccine vector - wildlife rabies

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ZOONOTIC HERPES

• Agent
• cercopithecine herpesvirus 1
• a gammaherpesvirus - affect lymphoblastoid cells
• closely related to the Lymnocryptovirus genus
  (Epstein-Barr virus)
• Human disease B-virus, herpes-B, simian herpes

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ZOONOTIC HERPES
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ZOONOTIC HERPES
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ZOONOTIC HERPES

• Epidemiology
• Reservoir old world monkeys
• Occurrence
• up to 80 of Rhesus monkeys are seropositive
• veterinarians, laboratory workers, primate
  handlers
• rare, but highly fatal in humans
• Transmission
• bite of infected monkey - high rate of viral
  shedding during periods of stress
• direct contact with infected animal or virus in
  cell culture

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ZOONOTIC HERPES

• Clinical features
• Incubation period 3 days to 3 weeks
• Symptoms
• acute febrile onset, headache
• vesicular lesions at site of bite
• variable neurological signs
• death in 1-3 weeks after onset of symptoms
• CFR gt 70
• recovery associated with severe disability

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ZOONOTIC HERPES

• Clinical features
• Treatment
• acyclovir
• Prevention
• prophylactic use of acyclovir for any bite wounds
  or scratches
• determination of B-virus status
• precautions for handlers/laboratory workers