Finding Animal Alternatives

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Finding Animal Alternatives

• Kathy Davies
• April 24 2003

2
Developing Search Strategy

• Reduce
• Smallest number necessary for study
• Determine necessary statistical data (pilot
  study)
• Refine
• Minimization of pain distress
• Necessity of specific techniques
• Replace
• Use of non-animal model
• Alternative animals- (phylogenetically lower)

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Developing Search Strategy

• Key Reduction terms
• reduce
• reduction
• experimental design
• statistical analysis
• model

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Developing Search Strategy

• Refine terms focus Pain and distress
• pain , stress, distress
• animal welfare
• postoperative postsurgery
• non-invasive
• discomfort

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Developing Search Strategy

• Replacement terms alternatives
• Artificial assay, membrane, model
• Chemical assay, membrane, model
• Simulation, theoretical model
• Computer modeling, prediction

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Developing Search Strategy

• Replacement terms In Vitro
• cell, cell line, cellular
• culture, tissue, tissue equivalent
• dermal equivalent
• organ, organelle
• cytostolic fraction
• subcellular fraction

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Search Concepts

• Evaluate Each Technique Used
• anesthesia, surgery, antibody production
• Purpose of Technique alternatives?
• Catheter to measure oxygenation use
  transcutaneous measurement technique
• Techniques adapted from other species

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Search Concepts

• Experimental protocol
• Techniques and methods used in study
• Species
• Area of research interest
• toxicology, neurology, etc
• Anatomy
• Systems, organs, etc involve in study

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Search Concepts

• Agents used in study
• Chemicals, hormones, enzymes
• Trade names, chemical names, acronyms
• Bovine somatotropin, BST
• Research in this field
• Known authors
• Previous work in this area

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Search Question

• I want to find possible alternative methods for
  producing antibodies to avoid using lab animals
  or perhaps not utilize rabbits.

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Pub Med MEDLINE

• Two major animal use terms
• Animal Testing Alternatives
• Animal Use Alternatives
• MeSH Browser
• Suggests terms to use in search strategy
• Search History
• Combine separate terms into one set

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PubMed MEDLINE

• Look at MeSH headings for additional terms to
  search
• Use OR operator for similar terms
• Related articles link find similar articles
• Cubby service store update searches
• Clipboard stores citations to print/save

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PubMed Search Example

• "Hybridomas"MESH OR "Antibody Formation"MESH
• "Animal Use Alternatives"MESH OR "Animal Use
  Alternatives"MESH
• 1 AND 2

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Searching GAILIEO Databases

• Available from GALILEO
• AGRICOLA, BIOSIS Previews
• Search using Advanced mode
• Limit to language, publication
• Sort by date or relevance
• Can limit to MCG owned
• May severely restrict results

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Searching GAILIEO Databases

• Use Keywords and synonyms
• Use truncation symbol to retrieve
  singular/plural words
• Use Related subject to view terms used to
  describe articles
• Can print/email/export results

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AGRICOLA Basic BIOSIS

• GALILEO, Click Science Technology
• Click Agriculture then AGRICOLA
• Click Biology then Basic Biosis
• AGRICOLA
• animal life science, veterinary medicine
• Basic BIOSIS
• biology, biotechnology, genetics, medicine

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AGRICOLA Search

• Hybridoma
• OR
• antibody production
• AND
• animal alternative

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Web of Science Database

• Available from Web of Knowledge
• Use key article or researcher to find related
  articles
• Must use abbreviations for journal titles
• Find articles that cite key reference

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Web of Science Search

• Cited Reference Searching
• Cited Author
• stang bv
• Cited Work
• CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM
• Cited Year
• 1998

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ALTBIB Database

• Free Access Specialized Information Services
• Alternatives to the Use of Live Vertebrates
• Categories include
• Neurotoxicity
• pulmonary toxicity,
• Immunotoxicity
• http//toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/altbib.html

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ALTBIB Database

• Keyword search, use general terms
• Use Browse Index to see records for individual
  terms
• Sort/limit search by date, publication, author
• View Search Details and Search History
• Save checked items for print/download

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TOXNET Databases

• Investigate toxicity of proposed chemical,
  hormone or enzyme agent
• Cluster of databases covering
• hazardous substances, toxicology
• genetic toxicology, chemical information
• Search all/single/multiple database(s)
• http//www.toxnet.nlm.nih.gov

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TOXLINE Database

• Biochemical, pharmacological, physiological,
  toxicological effects of drugs and chemicals
• Keyword search one search box
• Can sort and save selected references
• Performs an automatic PubMed search results
  appear in separate window

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Hazardous Substances Database

• HSDB multiple categories for all records
• Subheadings under each category
• Animal toxicity studies
• Toxicology Values Testing Status
• National Toxicology Program Studies
• Metabolism pharmacokinectics
• Laboratory Methods

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HSDB Searching

• Includes article/study references
• Link to records in other databases
• View search details
• Limit to specific categories
• Use keywords synonyms

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CRISP Database

• Federally funded biomedical research projects
• Search in several fields
• Subject Search
• Primary Investigator
• Grants, contracts, fellowships
• Institute Centers
• NIH, CDC
• Fiscal Year, State
• http//crisp.cit.nih.gov/

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Internet Resources

• AltWeb
• A-Z Alternative Topics List
• Journal Publications, News Updates
• http//altweb.jhsph.edu
• UC Center for Animal Alternatives
• Search Templates, Readings
• http//www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/
  Animal_Alternatives/main.htm

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Internet Resources

• John Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal
  Testing
• Workshops, publications
• Grant funding
• http//caat.jhsph.edu/
• Animal Welfare Information Center
• Alternatives literature searches
• Databases publications
• http//www.nal.usda.gov/awic/

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Finding Alternatives Hints

• Tips For Searching Alternatives To Animal
  Testing
• http//www.nal.usda.gov/awic/alternatives/tips.htm
  
• Search Terms And Strategies for the Three Rs
• http//www.frame.org.uk/Guide/search_terms.htm