Deuterostomes

1
Deuterostomes

• -Bilaterians
• -Blastopore-gt Anus
• -Radial cleavage
• -Endocoelic coelom

2
Deuterostomes
both from Gilbert Raunio, 1997
3
Deuterostomes

• PHYLUM CHAETOGNATHA
• PHYLUM HEMICHORDATA
• PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA
• PHYLUM UROCHORDATA
• PHYLUM CEPHALOCHORDATA (ALSO CALLED ACRANIATA)
• PHYLUM VERTEBRATA (ALSO CALLED CRANIATA)

All subphyla within PHYLUM CHORDATA under mainly
classification systems
4
Again, uncertainty over evolutionary
relationships

• Phylum Chaetognatha- arrow worms (resemble tiny,
  planktonic fish)
• More closely related to
• rotifers and gnathostomes?
• Why?

5
Tudge 2000
Protostomes
?
Deuterostomes
6
Neilson 2001- 63 morphological and developmental
characters
?
Deuterostomes
Protostomes
7
Brusca and Brusca 2003- 96 morphological and
developmental characters
?
Deuterostomes
Protostomes
8
Phylum Hemichordata- acorn worms

• Not related to true worms
• Stomochord--gt notochord-like structure

http//www.cbu.edu/aross/Comp_Anat.htm
9
Phylum Echinodermata
Relationship among living classes of
echinoderms???
10
Phylum Urochordata

• Tunicates

11
Phylum Cephalochordata

• Cephalochordata or lancets

12
Phylum Cephalochordata
13
Phylum Vertebrata

• Vertebrata- agnatha

14
Phylum Vertebrata

• Vertebrata- sharks and rays

15
Phylum Vertebrata

• Vertebrata- bony fish

16
Phylum Vertebrata

• Vertebrata-amphibians

17
Phylum Vertebrata

• Vertebrata- reptiles

18
Phylum Vertebrata

• Vertebrata- mammals

19
Phylum Vertebrata

• Vertebrata- birds

20
Vertebrates

• OVER CLASSIFIED
• Why?

21
Vertebrates

• OVER CLASSIFIED
• Degree of difference between orders of birds DOES
  NOT APPROACH that observed between orders of
  insects!!!