Transgenic Animals in the Human Food Source

1
Transgenic Animals in the Human Food Source
http//www.udel.edu/physics/scen103/CGZ/

• Stephanie Griffin
• Dylan Lee
• Brittany Leech

2
Menu
Appetizers Spiced Potatoes with Waxmoth
genes Juice of Tomatoes with Flounder
genes Entrée Blackened Catfish with Trout
geneScalloped Potatoes with Chicken
geneCornbread with Firefly gene Dessert Rice
Pudding with Pea gene Beverage Milk from Bovine
Growth Hormone (BGH)Supplemented
Cows http//www.woodrow.org/teachers/bi/1992/tran
sgenic_food.html
3
Definition

• Genetically engineered animals or transgenic
  animals are those that have had DNA from a
  foreign animal inserted into their genome. The
  new DNA from other organism may come from plants,
  other animals or even bacteria.

4
Background

• With the hope for creating better food
  supply scientists started fiddling with the
  genetic makeup of animals that were being used in
  the food source system. Animals cattle, fish,
  poultry, and swine in particular were injected
  with gene material from other organisms. The new
  DNA would join onto the animals DNA and form a
  new sequences in the gene pattern. With the new
  genes, milk is able to be less fatty, milk can
  contain anti-bacterial properties, fish can grow
  faster creating more supply to fulfil the demands
  of growing societies.

5
Creating A New Variety of Fish The Technique to
Make Transgenic Animals

• Breeders can now use the tools of biotechnology
  to introduce new characteristics into animals.
  For example, researchers have figured out how to
  give a type of salmon a gene that directs the
  production of a growth hormone, causing the fish
  to grow to full size in substantially less time.
  Here is an outline of the steps needed to
  introduce the new growth hormone gene into the
  salmon.
• Scientists duplicate the DNA carrying the genetic
  information for the growth hormone.
• The gene is inserted into a circular piece of DNA
  called a plasmid that can be reproduced inside
  bacteria.
• Next, the plasmids go inside the bacteria.
• When the bacteria grow in the laboratory, they
  produce billions of copies of the plasmid
  carrying the growth hormone gene.

6

• After the copies of the plasmid carrying the
  growth hormone gene have been produced, they are
  isolated from the bacteria. The plasmid is then
  genetically edited, changing its circular
  structure into a linear bit of DNA. The linear
  DNA is sometimes called a gene cassette because
  it contains several sets of genetic material in
  addition to the growth hormone gene.
• The gene cassette is either directly injected or
  mixed with fertilized fish eggs in such a way
  that the eggs absorb the DNA, making the cassette
  a permanent part of the fish's genetic makeup.
  Since scientists insert the growth hormone gene
  into the fish's egg, the gene will be present in
  every cell in the fish's body.
• The eggs are allowed to hatch, producing a school
  of fish in which some are genetically changed and
  others are not.
• Fish that now carry the growth hormone gene are
  identified. Fish with the properly integrated
  gene are used to create a breeding stock of the
  new, faster-growing variety.
• --C.L.
• http//www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2001/101_fish.htm
  l

7
http//www.bio.miami.edu/dana/250/25003_10.html
8
http//www.biologymad.com/master.html?http//www.b
iologymad.com/GeneticEngineering/GeneticEngineerin
g.htm
9
Animals that have been GE

• At least 30 aquatic species
• Flounder Carp
• Lobster Shrimp

Farm Use Pigs Chickens Cows
Human Research Lab rats Mice Rabbits Monkeys
10
Past Experiments

• Removing the allergen gene Cats
• Spiders Goat milk Goats
• Jellyfish genes Art Rabbits

11
Current Endeavors

• Flounder genes salmon Super Salmon
• Goats milk blood clotting
• Knock out mice
• Glowing fish pollutants Zebra fish

12
Future Plans

• Cows, Sheep, Goats Pharmaceutical Factories
• Alpha antitryrpsin

http//www.javajane.co.uk/animal/farm/
13
Marketed / Approved Genetically Altered Animals

• Zebra Fish Glo Fish

http//www.pbs.org/saf/1202/video/watchonline.htm
http//www.pbs.org/perl/media.cgir?twfvirage/s
cientific/pbssaf1202_220k.asfs1185952e1615515
http//www.picturesofhorses.com/stk/images/Image_o
f_Blue_Zebra_Fish0004-0304-1410-1215.html
14
Types of Genetic Modification

• Genetically altered organisms are part of
  genetic modification, other types of GM are
• Chimeras
• Clones

15
Advantages

• Milk is able to be less fatty (goat moth)
• Milk can contain anti-bacterial properties
• Fish can grow faster creating more supply to
  fulfill the demands of growing societies (salmon
  Flounder/Chinook)
• Fish will not freeze in icy water (salmon
  flounder)

16
Disadvantages

• Health Ramifications
• Environmental Consequences
• Ethical and Religious Concerns

17
Pro/Con

• Pro
• We should not be afraid of biotechnology.
• There are opportunities for good to come out of
  the research.
• Con
• Should we even be modifying genes at all?
• Is it truly necessary?

18
Questions

• Do you feel this is humane to change an animals
  genetics for human benefit.
• Do you have any qualms about eating food that has
  been altered? Why/why not
• 3. Should transgenic or genetically engineered
  animals be labeled as such, and do you as
  consumers have the right to know weather or not
  your food has been genetically altered?

19
Bibliography

• Genetically Engineered Salmon Union of
  Concerned Scientists
• http//www.ucsusa.org/food_and_environment/biotec
  hnology/page.cfm?pageID327
• Lewis, Carol. A New Kind of Fish Story The
  Coming of Biotech Animals. U.S. Food and Drug
  Administration FDA Consumer magazine.
  January-February 2001. http//www.fda.gov/fdac.fea
  tures/2001/101_fish.html
• Thomas, Tamiko. Cloned and Genetically
  Engineered Animals The Humane Society of the
  United States. http//www.hsus.org/farm_animals/fa
  ctory_farms/cloned_and_genetically_engineered_anim
  als.html
• Transgenic Animals Frequently Asked Questions
  Biotechnology Industry Organization.
  http//www.bio.org/healthcare/pharmaceutical/anima
  ls/faq.asp
• Weise, Elizabeth. USA TODAY. Science debates
  transgenic animals as food Health and Behavior.
  http//www.usatoday.com/news/science/2002-09-22-cl
  oning-food_x.htm

20
http//www.sachsreport.com/archive2.1.htm
Thank You