Today

1
Todays Standard

• 1.3 Use subordination, coordination, apposition,
  and other devices to indicate clearly the
  relationship between ideas.

2
General Definitions

• subordination
• below or less important.
• Example In the workplace, if someone is your
  subordinate they are below you in rank.
• coordination
• equal in value balanced.
• Example When you coordinate your shoes, you
  match them so they are equal.

3
Subordination in English

• subordination
• showing that one idea has less value by its
  placement in a sentence
• If two simple sentences are closely related but
  unequal in importance, combine the sentences and
  turn the less important idea into a subordinate
  clause to show its subordinate (or inferior)
  position.
• Example Many women could not cast a vote in a
  federal election. The Nineteenth Amendment was
  ratified in 1920.
• Combined Many women could not cast a vote in a
  federal election until the Nineteenth Amendment
  was ratified in 1920.
• The bold part is an example of subordination.

4

• Coordination in English
• coordination
• placing ideas in a sentence so that they have
  equal value.
• coordination is achieved by connecting equal
  ideas from separate sentences, and joining them
  with a conjunction.
• Example Kangaroos carry their young in pouches.
  Koalas carry their young in pouches.
• Combined Kangaroos and koalas carry their young
  in pouches.

The red part shows coordination.
5

• apposition
• using appositives and appositive phrases
  correctly.
• appositive
• A noun or pronoun placed beside another noun or
  pronoun to identify or describe it.
• Example The cosmonaut, Yuri Gagrin, was the
  first person in space.
• appositive phrase
• An appositive and its modifiers.
• Example Officer Webb, one of the security
  guards, caught the burglar.

6
Quiz

• Determine whether the following show
  subordination, coordination, or apposition.
• Tacos, one of the most popular Mexican dishes,
  are served here.
• Crocodiles have strong tails and are excellent
  swimmers.
• Miguel has the same class, American history, this
  afternoon.
• Today, people around the world enjoy chili,
  chocolate, and tacos, which are Aztec in origin.
• The Aztecs surrendered after Cortes launched a
  fierce counter-attack.
• Alligators are classified as a threatened species
  and enjoy the protection of state and federal law.