ITUC Asia Pacific Labour Network

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• ITUC Asia Pacific Labour Network
• APLN Meeting
• Sydney 30/31 August 2007
• Regional Trade and
• Free Trade Agreements

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I. Asia-Pacific Trade and production Platform
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• Asia-Pacific
• accounts for 20 of the world GDP.
• generates 25 of global trade.
• receives 18 of FDI.

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• Asian regional trade and production platform -
  Highlights
• Significant presence of intra-industry trade in
  intra-Asian exchanges.
• Supported by significant vertical integration of
  the value chain with participation of
  multinational companies.
• The trade boom occurs on the fringe of free trade
  regional agreements.
• Chinas central role as point of origin and
  destination of trade flows.
• RTAs/FTAs reinforce this trend.

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Asia-Pacifics Presence in the World Economy
Source ECLAC
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Strong productive transformation and realignment
of Asian economies around Chinas expansion

• Headed by China, Asian countries are entering the
  distribution chains of large multinationals that
  have settled in the region due to its low labor
  costs and Chinas large potential market.
• For these companies, China is an option not only
  in the low-tech product sector but also in that
  of new state-of-the-art technology products.

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• Current status of the process that started 15
  years ago
• 2010, 1 world power, displacing the USA and
  Germany.
• 2015, accountable for 50 of world trade.
• US pressure for adjustment of the Chinese
  currency exchange rate in order to reduce its
  trade gap.
• USA filed WTO complaint against China for
  violations of intellectual property rights and
  trade restrictions.
• Trade presence linked to multinational companies
  settled in China (EU, USA, Japan).
• Nearly 450 of the 500 largest multinationals in
  the world have made investments in China. It is
  estimated that 2/3 of foreign businesses in China
  have made profits and that 2/5 of multinational
  companies have had profit margins larger than
  their global average.
• 60 of all Chinese exports are handled by these
  multinationals in the case of technology
  products, this number rises to 90.

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China and IndiaEconomic and Strategic Influence

• Key factor in significant changes in the global
  demand level and structure.
• China is the largest manufacturer in the world
  and the most rapidly growing market.
• India is a world vendor of business processes,
  services and information technology.
• Significant source of financial resources to
  maintain international balances.
• Offer financing for infrastructure and energy.
• In the world map of EAP 2000-2010
• 10 million in Brazil and Mexico
• 62 million in China
• 93 million in India

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China has turned into an export platform for its
neighbors targeting the USA and EU
LA C compete with ASEAN, Australia and NZ
Machinery, electronic equipment and precision
instruments associated with information
technologies
Source ECLAC
China accumulates large surpluses in manufactured
products with the USA and EU
Source ECLAC
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Asia-Pacific Source and Destination of a Large
Portion of Latin American Regional Trade
Source ECLAC
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Latin America Main Products Exported to China
( of total exports per country)
Exports concentrated in natural resources except
Mexico and CA
Source ECLAC
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II. Regional and Free Trade Agreements
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• Facts and Figures
• The proliferation of RTAs/FTAs can be attributed,
  among other factors, to the slow progress of WTO
  negotiations, the relative sluggishness of
  regional integration processes and the bilateral
  search for market diversification
• 325 RTAs/FTAs worldwide have been registered with
  the GATT / WTO.
• Of these more than 200 have been signed over the
  last eleven years. 
• The WTO estimates that in 2005 more than 51 of
  the worlds goods were traded under preferential
  agreements.

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RTAs/FTAs Worldwide
Source WTO
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• Asia-Pacific Region
• Early 90s the only existing preferential
  agreements were regional arrangements in the form
  of FTAs (ASEAN, ASEAN3, Bangkok Agreement),
  customs unions (MERCOSUR) and the GSP.
• 1990-1995 intra-regional trade was gradually
  liberalized within the framework of LAIA
  agreements in the Americas, ASEAN and APEC
  plurilateral agreements, and multilateral
  agreements (Uruguay Round).
• 1995-2000 emergence of agreements with
  extra-regional trade partners such as the United
  States and Canada.
• 2000-2006 dynamic growth of preferential trade
  and investment agreements
• FTA United States-Australia-New Zealand, China,
  Japan, Singapore,India and Chile were the most
  active ones.
• RTA ASEANChina, ASEANUSA, Japans proposal was
  to create the Comprehensive Economic Partnership
  in East Asia (CEPEA), ASEANIndia.
• At intra- and extra-regional level, basically the
  countries that were not dependent on trade with
  the USA.

Different trade structures
40 RTAs/FTAs in APEC Region.
impact on regional blocs
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The Noodle Bowl Process in Asia-Pacific
(expanded)

• Strongest momentum in the mid-90s, though it did
  not originate in Asia.
• Several countries stop being reluctant to sign
  preferential agreements and join trade blocs
  China, Japan, Rep. of Korea and the Taiwan
  Province of China start entering into bilateral
  and plurilateral agreements within and outside
  Asia-Pacific.
• 1976-2006, over 150 trade agreements of different
  kinds recorded (Asia-Pacific, East Asia, Southern
  Asia and former Soviet Union countries).
• Except Mongolia, all Asia-Pacific countries have
  participated in at least one agreement.

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The Noodle Bowl in Asia-PacificCauses

• The need to speed up liberalization vis-à-vis the
  slow progress made in WTO and APEC negotiations.
  
• In APEC, no progress is made towards the Bogor
  goals and there are institutional weaknesses,
  such as non-binding commitments, blurred
  objectives, too many members, too long an agenda,
  secretariats dysfunctional structure and now new
  competitors at a regional level (ASEAN3 and the
  East Asia Summit, made up by ASEAN6)
• Results from the chain reaction any agreement
  involving one of the three giants (Japan, China
  and the Republic of Korea) will change the
  relative competitiveness of the companies
  exporting to signatory countries. This encourages
  exporting businesses from non-member countries to
  put pressure on their respective governments to
  join in the FTA race.
• The chain reaction is well illustrated by
  Chinas proposal to sign an agreement with ASEAN,
  which was followed by similar offers to establish
  broad economic alliances by Japan, the Republic
  of Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand.

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• Trends
• Growing agreement diversification
  FTA/RTA/TIFA/TEF
• Map of agreements in Asia-Pacific
• 12 regional/plurilateral agreements
• 57 FTA in force (TIFA, TEF, CER)
• 27 agreements with completed negotiations
• 39 under negotiation.
• 18 under consideration
• North-South Agreements
• FTA/TIFA/TEF United States, Australia, New
  Zealand and Japan actively involved in the
  signing of trans-Pacific agreements with
  Thailand, Canada, South Korea, Chile, Peru,
  Mexico.
• RTAs no progress in USA-ASEAN agreement ASEAN
  agreements with China, India and South Korea
  progress in ASEAN- Japan

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• South-South Agreements
• FTA Chile-Japan, Peru-China (FTA under
  consideration), Taiwan (2 FTAs with Honduras and
  El Salvador), Singapore (3 FTAs), Philippines,
  Thailand, Korea, China (has signed or is
  negotiating with 27 countries), India (agreements
  with Chile and MERCOSUR).
• Proposal to create a Latin American Pacific free
  trade area made up by CAN countries and Chile.
• Chile signed a FTA with Peru and invited it to
  join the P4 (Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic
  Partnership Agreement- Brunei/Singapore/New
  Zealand). Chile is also finalizing negotiations
  with Colombia and has accepted to join CAN as an
  associate member.
• Ecuador has stated its interest in joining APEC
  and has received support from Chile, Thailand,
  Malaysia and Indonesia.
• Costa Rica-China approach with a view to becoming
  an APEC member broke off relations with Taiwan.
• RTA Chile-CAN, Chile-MERCOSUR, Russia-MERCOSUR,
  India-MERCOSUR, SACU-MERCOSUR ASEAN strengthens
  links within its own free trade area and with
  MERCOSUR.

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• Impact of complex WTO negotiations
• EU shows interest in negotiating with Asian
  countries (India) and APEC members South Korea
  (2nd neg. round) with China, Japan and 10
  Southeast Asian countries.
• Switzerland begins studies for future
  negotiations with China, Japan, Canada and
  Thailand.
• India signed FTA with New Zealand, Thailand,
  Japan (2nd negotiation round), South Korea (began
  talks for a CEPA), Singapore, Sri Lanka, Canada
  and ASEAN. Also announces future agreements with
  China, Mexico, Brazil and South Africa.
• Countries that have signed FTAs with the USA and
  are APEC members move closer to the US position
  on NAMA.

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China

• 2001,started developing its trade agreements
  network with the signing of the Bangkok
  Agreement.
• 2006, concluded agreements or held negotiations
  with 32 countries in Africa, Latin America, Asia
  and the Southern Pacific.
• Applies a pragmatic strategy there is no one
  single model for all agreements.
• Agreements with Hong Kong and Macao incorporate
  disciplines and concrete rules, serving as
  instruments of trade diplomacy, as the one
  country, two systems model.
• Agreements with Australia and New Zealand
  incorporate general commitments regarding
  cooperation issues.
• Agreements with Pakistan, India, Chile and South
  Africa seen as diplomatic efforts to build or
  consolidate strategic alliances and guarantee the
  supply of natural resources.

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• ASEAN- China agreement seen as a diplomacy
  instrument to mitigate the growing competition
  between ASEAN countries and China in the field of
  trade and investments.
• Stepped enforcement starting with the early
  harvest program and followed by the inclusion of
  other disciplines such as services, investment
  and trade facilitation measures, as in the
  agreement with ASEAN or with Chile.
• Several agreements exclude sensitive products and
  sectors such as the protection of intellectual
  property, sectoral liberalization, and labor and
  environmental issues.
• An important objective is to be recognized as a
  market economy by the FTA signatory countries.

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Two Proposals Regarding the Creation of Large
Economic Areas in Asia

• Free Trade Area of Asia-Pacific within the sphere
  of APEC (FTAAP), supported by the USA, Australia,
  Canada, Japan, Chile and Mexico.

• Cons
• No consensus regarding its political feasibility.
• Would imply an agreement with China.
• Changes in APEC move to binding liberalization
  commitments.
• Contradicts the principle stated in Busan in 2005
  regarding the fact that APEC should not be an
  inward-looking trade bloc but a bloc oriented to
  global free trade.
• China and Japan interested in Asian regionalism.
• Different approaches to the FTA scope.
• P4 (Chile/Singapore/Brunei/New Zealand) example
  of a trans-Pacific FTA, try to bring Mexico,
  Malaysia, Peru and Thailand on board).

• Pros
• Proposed by ABAC (Chile 2004).
• Responds to the slow progress made in WTO
  negotiations,
• Responds to the Noodle Bowl effect,
• Tries to boost compliance with the Bogor
  Principles,
• Answers to the intra-regional agreements that
  would discriminate against Non Asian countries
• Tries to avoid polarization between Asia-Pacific
  countries.

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• The second proposal relates to the creation of an
  intra-regional economic community
• ASEAN3 (the 10 ASEAN members plus
• China, Japan and the Republic of Korea).
• ASEAN6 (Australia, New Zealand and India).

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• ASEAN
• Agreements to establish a closer economic
  partnership with its most important trade
  partners (Australia, China, India, Japan, New
  Zealand and the Republic of Korea).
• Signed agreements that gave rise to various free
  trade areas, such as the broader economic
  partnership agreements with China, India, Japan
  and the Republic of Korea.
• 2004,established a Southern Asia free trade area
  that is expected to be fully operational by 2016.
• In 1997, regional economic cooperation was
  established for Central Asia.
• Currently negotiating an Asia-Pacific trade
  preference agreement to replace the 1975 Bangkok
  Agreement (Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement).
• the ASEAN3 or ASEAN6 agreements are considered
  to be a second wave of preferential trade
  agreements.
• AUGUST 24, MERCOSUR-ASEAN were working in
  Brasilia.

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NETWORK OF FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS IN ASIA-PACIFIC
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FTA/RTA Early 90s
Source WTO
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FTA/RTA Early 90s
Source WTO
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FTAs/RTAs and Economic Cooperation Forums in the
Asia-Pacific Region 2007
EU
Taiwan
NAFTA
Japan
China
Philippines
Korea
CARICOM
GCC
DR-CAFTA
TIFAs
Thailand
SICA
CAN
ASEAN
Singapore
CSN
Vietnam
P4 ChilePeru NZ,Brunei Singapore Peru
SACU
MERCOSUR
APEC

• more than 51 of the worlds goods were traded
  under preferential agreements

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11 Regional Agreements associated with the
Asia-Pacific Region
AFTA ASEAN FREE TRADE AREA Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
SPARTECA South Pacific Regional Trade And Economic Cooperation Agreement Australia, New Zealand, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Samoa
BANGKOK Bangkok Agreement Bangladesh, China, India, Republic of Korea, Laos, Sri Lanka
PTN Protocol Relating to Trade Negotiations among Developing Countries Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Israel, Mexico, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Romania, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia
MSG Melanesia Spearhead Group Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement Canada, Mexico, United States
CACM/SICA Central American Common Market Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua 
CAN Andean Community Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
MERCOSUR Southern Common Market Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
LAIA Latin American Integration Association Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
GSTP Global System of Trade Preferences among developing countries Algeria, Argentina, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Ecuador, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Romania, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Tanzania, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe
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Regional /Plurilateral Agreements Entry into Force Type of Agreement
ASEAN 1967 Association of Southeast Asian Nations, created by the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, Brunei (1984), Vietnam (1995), Laos, Myanmar (1997), Cambodia (1998)
AFTA 1992 ASEAN Free Trade Area
ASEAN3 1997 China/South Korea/Japan. East Asia Free Trade Area (EAFTA)
ASEANChina 2003 Free Trade Area 2010 China /Brunei/Philippines/Indonesia/Malaysia/Singapore/ Thailand , and in 2015 China/Vietnam/Laos/Myanmar/Cambodia.
ASEAN-European Union 2003 Trans-Regional Trade Iniciative (TREATI)
ASEAN-NZ/Australia 2005 (10th round) FTA
ASEAN-Korea 2005 Preferential Agreement
ASEAN-USA 2005 Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA)
ASEAN-Japan 2007 (under negotiation-8 round) Comprenhensive Economic Partnership(AJCEP)Agreement
ASEAN-India under negotiation
APEC 1989 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (21 members)
GSTP 1989 Preferential Agreement Chile, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Rep. of Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam,
PTN 1973 Preferential Agreement Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Israel, Mexico, Turkey, Pakistan, Peru, Paraguay, Philippines, Rep.of Korea, Romania, Tunisia, Uruguay, Yugoslavia
Bangkok Agreement Chinas accession 1976 2002 Preferential Agreement (Bangladesh, China, India, Rep./Korea, Laos, Sri Lanka)
USA-Canada-Mexico 1994 FTA/Services Agreement
Brunei, NZ, Chile, Singapore Nov 2006( in force) Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement
CANChile 1988/2006 Preferential Agreement
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Bilateral Agreements
Australia-New Zealand  ANZCERTA/CER            1983/1989 Closer Economic Relations (CER) FTA/ Services
Australia-Papua New Guinea PACTRA 1991 Trade and Commercial Relations Agreement
Australia-Singapore SAFTA 2003 FTA
Australia-China 2003 2005 (under negotiation-8round) TEF FTA
Australia-Japan 2003 2007(under negotiation-2round) TEF Economic Partnership Agreement
Australia-USA 2005 FTA/Services Agreement
Australia-Indonesia                       2005 (signed) TIFA
Australia-Thailand TAFTA                          2005 FTA/Services Agreement
Australia -USA/AUSFTA                       2004 signed (in force) FTA
AustraliaMalaysia                                             2005 (under negotiation-7round)) FTA
Australia/NZ -ASEAN                                        2005(under negotiation-10round) FTA
Australia-Gulf Cooperation Council 2007 (under negotiation-2round) FTA
Australia- Rep. Korea 2006 (under consideration) FTA
Australia-Chile 2007(under negotiation-1 round) FTA
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Japan-Singapore JSEPA 2002 2007 signed Economic Partnership Agreement Protocol Amending Agreement for a New Age Economic Partnership (JSEPA)
Japan-Korea 2003(suspended) FTA/Services Agreement
Japan-Mexico 2005 Economic Partnership Agreement (Investment /Services)
Japan-Chile 2007(in force-September 3) FTA/Economic Cooperation Agreement
Japan- Canada 2005 2006 (under consideration) TEF Pursue a TIFA or FTA
Japan-Malaysia 2005 (under negotiation) Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-Indonesia 2007 (signed-August) Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-Philippines 2006 FTA
Japan-Thailand 2005 signed (2007 ratified by Parliament) FTA
Japan-Vietnam 2007 (under negotiation- 4 round) Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan- Brunei Darussalam 2007 signed Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-Gulf Cooperation Council (under negotiation) FTA
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Japan- Switzerland 2007(under negotiation-2 round) Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan- Australia 2007(under negotiation-2 round) Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-India 2007(under negotiation-3 round) Economic Partnership Agreement
Japan-ASEAN 2007(under negotiation-8 round) Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP) Agreement
Japan-Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA) 2006 PROPOSAL Establish trade and investment links between the ten-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the six other members of the East Asia Summit -- China, South Korea, Japan, India, Australia and New Zealand.

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New Zealand-Australia 1983 CER
New Zealand-Singapore 2001 (NZCEP)
New Zealand-Hong Kong 2002 (suspended-5 round) CER
New Zealand-China 2004 2005 (under negotiation-12 round) TEF FTA
New Zealand-Malaysia 2005 (under negotiation-6 round) FTA
New Zealand-Thailand 2005 Closer Economic Partnership (NZTCEP)
Brunei/Chile/New Zealand/Singapore 2005(signed- in force) TRANSPACIFIC SEP
New Zealand/Australia-ASEAN 2005(under negotiation-10 round) FTA
New Zealand-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 2007(under negotiation-2 round) FTA
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Singapore-New Zealand 2001 Closer Economic Partnership (NZSCEP) FTA/ Services Agreement
Singapore-Australia 2002 SAFTA
Singapore-USA 2004 FTA
Singapore--Panama 2006 FTA
Singapore- Rep. of Korea 2005 signed FTA
Singapore-Mexico 2000 (6 round of negotiations) FTA
Singapore-Japan 2007 signed Protocol Amending Agreement for a New Age Economic Partnership (JSEPA)
Singapore-China 2006- (1round of negotiations) FTA
Singapore-Canada 2002 (3 round of negotiations) FTA
Singapore- Pakistan 2005 (under negotiations) FTA
Singapore-Gulf Cooperation Council 2006 (under negotiation) FTA
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Singapore-ASEAN/Australia/New Zealand 2005 (under negotiation) FTA
Singapore-Ukraine 2007 (launch negotiation) FTA
Singapore- Brunei, NZ, Chile, Nov 2006 ( in force) Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement
Singapore-Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway 2003 in force ESFTA
Singapore-India
Singapore-Jordania
Singapore-Sri Lanka ( under consideration)
Singapore-European Free Association 2003 in force ESFTA


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Taiwan-Panama 2003 FTA
Taiwan-Nicaragua 2006 signed FTA
Taiwan-Honduras 2007 signed FTA
Taiwan-El Salvador 2007 signed FTA
Taiwan-Paraguay (under negotiation) FTA
Taiwan-Rep Dominicana (under consideration) FTA
Taiwan-Guatemala 2006 signed FTA
Taiwan-Malaysia
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Rep. of Korea-Chile 2004 in force KCFTA
Rep. of Korea-European Free Trade Association 2006 in force EFTA Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein
Rep. of Korea-Singapore 2006 in force KSFTA
Rep. of Korea-USA 2007 (pending US Congress) FTA
Rep. of Korea-Canada 2007 (under negotiations-10 round) FTA
Rep. of Korea-India 2007 (under negotiations-6 round) CEPA Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
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Rep. of Korea-China (under consideration)
Rep. of Korea -Thailand (under negotiation)
Rep of Korea -Malaysia (under consideration)
Rep of Korea -ASEAN
Rep of Korea -MERCOSUR (under consideration)
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Thailand-Australia 2005 FTA
Thailand-New Zealand 2005 FTA
Thailand-Peru 2005 signed 1st phase of the FTA Protocol to Accelerate the Liberalization of Trade in Goods
Thailand-United States 2005 (4th round of negotiations) FTA on the basis of the TIFA
Thailand-India 2007 signed 1st phase of the FTA- Early Harvest Agreement
Thailand-Japan 2005 signed (2007 ratified by Parliament)
Thailand- Rep. of Korea 2006 under consideration
Thailand-China 2006 under consideration
Thailand-CER 2006 under consideration
Thailand-Bahrein Under negotiation
Thailand-Chile 2006 under consideration
Thailand-MERCOSUR Under consideration
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USA-Canada 1995 NAFTA
USA-Mexico 1995 NAFTA
USA-Brunei 2004 TIFA
USA-Philippines 2004 TIFA
USA-Indonesia 2004 TIFA
USA-Chile 2004 FTA/Services Agreement
USA-Singapore 2004 FTA/Services Agreement
USA-Thailand 2004 TIFA
USA-Australia 2004 signed (in force) FTA
USA-Malaysia 2005 TIFA
USA-Vietnam 2006 Agreement in principle for accession to WTO
USA-Peru 2007 (pending US Congress) FTA
USA- Rep. of Korea 2007 (pending US Congress) FTA
USA- Taiwan (under consideration) FTA
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Canada-Chile 1997 FTA
Canada-Singapore 2002 (3rd round stand by)
Canada-Korea 2004 (under negotiation-10th round) FTA
Canada-Japan 2005 2006 (under consideration) TEF FTA
Canada Colombia/Peru 2007 (under negotiation-1round) FTA
Canada Economic Free Trade Association 2007 signed EFTA Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.
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Chile-Mexico 1999 2006 FTA Agreement Expansion/Services Agreement
Chile-Rep. Of Korea 2004 FTA/Services Agreement
Chile-China 2006 2006 (negotiation of expansion) FTA Services Agreement
Chile-Peru 2006 (signed) FTA/Services Agreement
Chile-Vietnam 2006 Under consideration FTA
Chile-Thailand 2006 (under negotiation) FTA
Chile-Japan 2007 FTA
Chile-Colombia 2006 (pending in Congress) FTA
Chile-Peru 2006 (pending in Congress) FTA
Chile -Panama 2006 (pending in Congress) FTA
Chile-India 2006 (pending in Congress) FTA
Chile -Japan 2007 in force FTA
Chile -Australia 2007 (under negotiation-1 round) FTA
Chile -Malaysia 2007 (under negotiation-1 round) FTA
Chile -Turkey 2007 (under consideration/study) FTA
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Peru-Thailand 2005 signed FTA
Peru-USA 2007 (pending US Congress) FTA
Peru-China 2007 (under consideration in perspective APEC 2008) FTA
Peru-European Free Trade Association 2007 (under negotiation-1 round) EFTA Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.
Peru-India 2007 (under consideration) FTA
Peru-Singapore (under negotiations)
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NAFTA 1995 in force FTA USA-Canada-Mexico
Mexico-Chile 1999 in force FTA
Mexico-Peru 1995 in force Economic Complementarity Agreement
Mexico-Singapore 2000 (6th round of negotiations) FTA
Mexico-Japan 2005 in force FTA
Mexico-Rep. Of Korea under negotiation
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Philippines-China 1975 Philippines has a model trade agreement approved by the TRM Cabinet Committee for purposes of negotiating trade accords with other countries.
Philippines-Korea 1975
Philippines-Indonesia 1975
Philippines-Russia 1976
Philippines-New Zealand 1977
Philippines-Korea 1978
Philippines-Vietnam 1978
Philippines-United States 1979
Philippines-Thailand 2000
Philippines- Japan 2006
Philippines- Pakistan Under consideration
Laos-Thailand 1991 Preferential Agreement
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China-India 2003 2004 under consideration Bangkok Agreement FTA
China-Hong Kong 2004 Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)
China-Macao 2004 Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)
China-Peru 2004 talks Comprehensive Cooperation Partnership
China-Pakistan 2005 FTA Early Harvest Program
China-Chile 2006 Partial Scope Agreement
China-Fiji 2006 Economic Cooperation Agreement
China- New Zealand 2006 negotiations 12th round of negotiations of FTA
China, Australia, Japan, South Korea 2006 under consideration Pan-Asia Trade Deal
China-South American Customs Union (SACU) 2004 under consideration RTA (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland)
China-India 2004 under consideration FTA
China-Singapore under negotiation FTA
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China-Iceland 2006 consideration stage completed FTA
China-Gulf Cooperation Council RTA (Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, UAE, Kuwait. Oman, Qatar)
China-EU 2006 proposal New 'Partnership and Cooperation Agreement'. Updating a 1985 bilateral cooperation accord to focus more on trade and investment, the new agreement will attempt to go beyond China's WTO commitments to open additional sectors of its economy to foreign competition.
China-Thailand
China-Rep of Korea (under consideration)
China-ASEAN
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Non APEC Member
India-Bangkok Agreement 1976 Preferential Agreement (Bangladesh, China, India, Rep. of Korea, Laos, Sri Lanka )
India-South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) 1995 RTA
India-Thailand 2003 FTA Early Harvest Program
India-ASEAN 2004 Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement Early Harvest Program
India-MERCOSUR 2004 Preferential Agreement seeking to become a FTA.
India/Bangladesh/Myanmar/Sri Lanka/Thailand 2004 Framework Agreement
India-SAFTA 2004 RTA (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka)
India- Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU) 2002 under negotiation Framework Agreement - draft agreed on in 2004
India-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 2006 under negotiation RTA 1st round
India-China 2004 under consideration FTA, they have agreed to sign the agreement in 2007
India-EU 2007 Have agreed to step up efforts towards a "broad-based" bilateral trade and investment pact, aiming to conclude a deal by 2009
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India-Singapore 2005 Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA)
India-Chile 2006 under ratification Partial Scope Preferential Agreement
India-Egypt FTA
India-Indonesia Memorandum of understanding to begin studies.
India-Japan 2006 under negotiation FTA
India-Malaysia 2005 under consideration Cooperation Agreement
India-Peru 2006 under negotiation Preferential Agreement similar to that of Chile
India- Rep. of Korea 2006 under consideration FTA
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• Thanks