CROSSUP

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CROSSUP

• MARKING UP FOR CROSS-LANGUAGE SEMANTIC RETRIEVAL
• By Gizem OLGU
• With contributions of Doct. Dr. Atilla Elçi, Aysu
  KÖSEOGLU, Behlül BEHRAM, Çeliker BAHÇECI, Duygu
  ÇELIK, Kivanç ÖZÜÖLMEZ and Mehmet Ugur GÜREL

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CROSSUPINTRODUCTION

• Web content is traditionally prepared for the
  consumption of a human reader.
• It is only natural for such content to mix and
  match data, organization and appearance in the
  same document.
• Such practice however renders documents almost
  incomprehensible to programs attempting to
  process for the purposes of, say, combining data
  from several such documents.
• And, as appearance is frozen with respect to a
  particular milieu of display, rendering such
  documents on a different display generates total
  gibberish.

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CROSSUPINTRODUCTION- continued

• To achieve attaching meaning to data
• building a semantics framework of Web content.
• That requires attaching of semantic indication to
  data in the first place and subsequently being
  able to process data with semantic integrity in
  view.
• This eventually amounts to a Semantic Web as
  earmarked by Tim Berners-Lee.
• Semantic Web will allow data to be shared and
  reused across application, enterprise, and
  community boundaries.

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CROSSUPINTRODUCTION- continued

• Research into realization of Semantic Web
  instances is also part of Sixth Framework Program
  (FP6) of European Union.
• This project
• devised in response to Call 3 and Interreg III of
  FP6 information society technologies.
• is aimed at devising schemes to implement
  semantic Web in e-learning or environmental
  issues in our region.

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CROSSUPINTRODUCTION- continued

• Project is to devise languages and tools to be
  used in creation, integration, and retrieval of
  semantically coherent Web content.
• Furthermore, taking into account the spectrum of
  natural languages used in the region, all
  features of the project are to work transparently
  through language boundaries.
• It is nicknamed CROSSUP after marking up for
  cross-language information retrieval.

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CROSSUPINTRODUCTION- continued

• The CROSSUP Project
• is a step towards semantic web.
• incorporates design, research, development and
  experimentation.
• sets out to investigate theory and practice of
  semantically processing cross-language Web
  content.

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CROSSUPINTRODUCTION- continued

• In order to realize CROSSUP, we will require two
  distinct set of capabilities,
• means of semantically integrating Web content
  either during creation or as an after thought
• means of semantic retrieval of selective content.
  
• Semantic integrity is central to both likewise,
  languages and tools are of prime interest to us
  in both.

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CROSSUPOur Interest in Semantic Web Initiative
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CROSSUPSemantic Integration Languages and Tools
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CROSSUP Markup Languages

• Way of representing data on the World Wide Web
• Such languages may be use in realization of
  Semantic Web
• Metadata data about data
• Dublin Core Framework for bibliographic style
  metadata
• RDF (URI) A framework to describe metadata
• RDF Schema is defined as extension of RDF,
  property-centered approach
• OWLMore general knowledge representation, based
  on Description Logics
• HTML -gt XML -gt RDF -gt RDF Schema -gt OWL
• -gtXML schema -gt

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CROSSUP Annotation

• Annotation is a key to adaptation of Web
  documents to various constraints stemming from
  user preferences, client devices, media types,
  and so on...
• The role of annotation is to characterize ways of
  content adaptation rather than to describe
  individual contents themselves.

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CROSSUP Ontology

• Ontology is a specification of a
  conceptualization.
• It has a long history in philosophy, in which it
  refers to the subject of existence.
• An ontology defines the common words and concepts
  (the meaning) used to describe and represent an
  area of knowledge.
• They are about vocabularies and their meanings,
  with explicit, expressive, and well-defined
  semanticspossibly machine-interpretable.

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CROSSUP Ontology- continued

• The OWL Web Ontology Language
• is designed for use by applications that need to
  process the content of information instead of
  just presenting information to humans.
• OWL facilitates greater machine interpretability
  of Web content than that supported by XML, RDF,
  and RDF Schema (RDF-S) by providing additional
  vocabulary along with a formal semantics.

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CROSSUP Knowledge Representation

• A knowledge representation (KR) is most
  fundamentally a surrogate, a substitute for the
  thing itself, used to enable an entity to
  determine consequences by thinking rather than
  acting,
• i.e., by reasoning about the world rather than
  taking action in it.
• It is a set of ontological commitments,
• i.e., an answer to the question In what terms
  should I think about the world?
• It is a fragmentary theory of intelligent
  reasoning,
• It is a medium of human expression,
• i.e., a language in which we say things about the
  world.

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CROSSUPSelective Semantic Retrieval
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CROSSUP Intelligent Interfaces

• An interface provides a means of communication
  between two or more entities, such as that
  between a user and a program.
• An intelligent interface with semantic web
  capabilities may create its request or response
  taking in to consideration semantics in notation
  or specific information.
• The intelligence available in semantic
  information is utilized in order to formulate
  response to the question.

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CROSSUP Intelligent Agents

• A vision of intelligent web agents is like
  rather than doing everything for a user, an agent
  would find possible ways to meet user needs, and
  offer the user choices for their achievement.
• Using the tools of the semantic web, one can make
  the web available to any user who needs to use a
  web service for any purpose by enabling
  expressive service capability advertisements to
  be made available to, and usable by, agents on
  the web.

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CROSSUP Semantic grids

• The Grid signifies the underlying computing
  infrastructure that enables scientists to
  generate, analyze, share and discuss experiments
  and results.
• Semantic grid refers to an enriched grid
  embodying ontologies, annotation and negotiation
  processes.
• Semantic grid is viewed as a collection of
  entities providing services to one another
  according to some contract.
• Semantic grid is to grid like semantic web is to
  Web.

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CROSSUP Inference Engines

• Inference engine is a software tool that deduces
  new knowledge (fact) from already known knowledge
  using inference rules.
• Inference engines necessary for the processing of
  the knowledge available in the semantic web.
• How? That takes semantics and ontology
  definitions and goes on to deduce relationships
  and handle queries.

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CROSSUPApproach

• Our approach to the research and development of
  semantic web initiative through CROSSUP Project
  is based on utilization of modalities of teaming
  up with other interested parties in the region in
  implementing several measures of support.
• All development achieved will be demonstrated
  through case studies in application areas of
  interest.

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CROSSUPMeans

• Collaboration Themes
• Networking of Semantic Web Research Centers
• Participation in Joint Research
• Institution Building

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CROSSUPSSAs

• Specific Support Actions (SSAs)
• Regional and Europe-wide seminars and workshops
• Establishing specialized workgroups
• R D new technology
• Implementation and demonstration of findings.

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CROSSUPDemo

• Application areas of interest
• Environmental issues
• Wildlife ecology
• Marine biology
• Water preservation
• Hazardous goods
• Distance education
• Courseware preparation
• E-learning processes

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CROSSUPPartners Sought

• Seeking Partners
• Regional centers of research actively involved in
  web semantics related technologies
• Europe-wide partners with leading role and
  competence in web semantics
• Parties with competence in cross-language
  information retrieval
• Regional parties with interest in environmental
  issues or distance learning.

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CROSSUP CONCLUSION

• Currently we are institutionalizing our research
  efforts in internet technologies and specifically
  targeting development in web semantics.
• In this respect, we wish to build additional
  competence, expand our group and establish
  working relations with regional centers of
  excellence.

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CROSSUPReferences

• ABWCT Annotation-Based Web Content
  Transcoding, http//www9.org/w9cdrom/169/169.html.
  
• Brown Dave Brown Intelligent User
  Interfaces, What are Intelligent Interfaces?
  http//www.cs.wpi.edu/Research/airg/IntInt/intint-
  paper-intro.html, June 2000.
• CC/PP Composite Capability/Preference
  Profiles (CC/PP) A user side framework for
  content negotiation. W3C Note, http//www.w3.org/T
  R/NOTE-CCPP/, 11/1998.
• CORDIS CORDIS FP6 Information society
  technologies, http//www.cordis.lu/fp6/ist.htm.
• CSS W3 Org. Cascading Style Sheets Home
  Page, http//www.w3.org/Style/CSS/.

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CROSSUPReferences- continued

• de Roure et al David de Roure, Nicholas
  Jennings and Nigel Shadbolt Research Agenda for
  the Semantic Grid A Future e-Science
  Infrastructure, http//www.nesc.ac.uk/technical_pa
  pers/DavidDeRoure.etal.SemanticGrid.pdf, Dec
  2001.
• Ehrig2002 Section 6.3 in Marc Ehrig, Steffen
  Staab, and Christoph Tempich (University of
  Karlsruhe). SWAP Methods Survey. SWAP EU
  IST-2001-34103 Project Deliverable D3.1.
  September 30, 2002.
• FOWL An OWL Inference Engine in Flora-2,
  http//fowl.sourceforge.net/, September 2003.
• Genesereth Nilsson Michael Genesereth N.
  Nilsson Logical Foundations of Artificial
  Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco,
  1987.
• GGF Global Grid Forums Semantic Grid
  Community Portal, http//www.semanticgrid.org/inde
  x.html.

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CROSSUPReferences- continued

• GS2004 GridSem2004 1st International
  workshop on the Semantic Grid, http//www.intellig
  ence.tuc.gr/sim2004/ http//www.intelligence.tuc
  .gr/gridsem2004/GridSem2004-call-for-papers.pdf.
• Hendler James Hendler Agents and the Semantic
  Web, http//www.cs.umd.edu/users/hendler/AgentWeb.
  html, 2001.
• ISIS FP6 IST Call 3, Craft, Interreg III, and
  2nd Joint Call between Thematic Priorities 23
  Call for project ideas by TBV, http//www.isisnet.
  org/.
• JENA A Semantic Web Framework for Java,
  http//jena.sourceforge.net/.
• KRP Knowledge Representation Perspectives,
  http//blackcat.brynmawr.edu/dkumar/UGAI/kr.html.

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CROSSUPReferences- continued

• Lee 1998 Tim Berners-Lee Rules and Facts
  Inference engines vs Web, http//www.w3.org/Design
  Issues/Rules.html, 1998.
• Lee Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, and Ora
  Lassila The Semantic Web, http//www.scientificam
  erican.com/print_version.cfm?articleID00048144-10
  D2-1C70-84A9809EC588EF21, May 2001.
• Lee 2001 Tim Berners-Lee Semantic Web
  Roadmap, http//www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Semantic.h
  tml, 2001.
• Levesque H. J. Levesque A logic of implicit
  and explicit belief, in Proceedings of the Fourth
  National Conference on Artificial Intelligence
  (AAAI-84), Austin, TX., 1984.
• LPA Logic Programming Associates Ltd ProWeb
  Express Systems, http//www.lpa.co.uk/pws_eg07.htm
  .

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CROSSUPReferences- continued

• Shiri Ali Shiri Schemas and Ontologies
  Building a Semantic Infrastructure for the Grid
  and Digital Libraries, http//personal.dis.strath.
  ac.uk/people/shiri/Schemas20and20Ontologies.pdf.
  
• Soft-Agents The Intelligent Software Agents
  Lab, http//www-2.cs.cmu.edu/softagents/, 2004.
• SWI W3 Org. Semantic Web Initiative,
  http//www.w3.org/2001/sw/.
• Takeda Hideaki Takeda Semantic Web - Web as
  a communication infrastructure between human and
  machines, National Institute of Informatics,
  http//www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/takeda, Jan 2004.
• WKR R. Davis, H. Shrobe, and P. Szolovits
  What is Knowledge Representation?,
  http//medg.lcs.mit.edu/ftp/psz/k-rep.html.

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CROSSUPReferences- continued

• Newell A. Newell The Knowledge Level,
  Artificial Intelligence, 1(18), 1982.
• Oard Doug OARD Cross-Language Information
  Retrieval Defined, http//www.ee.umd.edu/medlab/ml
  ir/mlir_definition.html.
• Rajiv A. Rajiv Intelligent agents the
  semantic web, http//fargo.itp.tsoa.nyu.edu/ra456
  /Y2S1/FOI/FinalPaper.htm, 2001.
• RACER Volker Haarslev, Ralf Möller RACER,
  http//www.cs.concordia.ca/haarslev/racer/,
  2004.
• RTES The Real Time Expert System Inference
  Engine, http//www.rt-sys.com/ie.htm.

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CROSSUPReferences- continued

• WOL Muhammed Taimoor Khan Web Ontology
  Language, http//www.sys-con.com/xml/article.cfm?i
  d704, Feb 1999.
• XML W3 Org. Extensible Markup Language
  (XML), http//www.w3.org/XML/.

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THANKS!!

• http//cmpe.emu.edu.tr/swwg