Chapter 31: Noninfectious Diseases and Disabilities p' 674

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Chapter 31 Noninfectious Diseases and
Disabilitiesp. 674

• Lesson 1
• Lifestyle Diseases P. 676

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Health Terms

• Noninfectious Diseases
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Hypertension
• Arteriosclerosis
• Angina Pectoris
• Fibrillation
• Congestive Heart Failure
• Stroke

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What is Cardiovascular Disease?

• What do you think is the 1 killer
• in the US today?
• 45 of all deaths among person age 45 and older
• Lifestyle choices and health habits can have an
  influence on whether you will have CVD

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Risk Factors for CVD

• Heredity
• genetics
• Ethnicity
• African-American 2X as likely as Whites for HBP
• Gender
• Males have greater risk of CVD
• Women have less chance of surviving a H attack
• Age
• CVD increases as age increases
• Environment
• air pollution, tobacco smoke, stress

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Risk Factors for CVD cont'd

• Behavior
• Making healthful choices now will reduce your
  risk of developing CVD later!!
• exercise
• moderate balanced food choices
• avoiding tobacco
• avoiding harmful substances

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Types of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)?

• Hypertension
• Diseases of the arteries
• Diseases of the heart
• Stroke

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Hypertension

• Blood Pressure (BP) is the force of blood against
  the walls of blood vessels.
• Normal blood pressure varies with age, height,
  weight, and other factors.
• If a persons BP stays above their normal
  pressure, they are said to have high blood
  pressure of hypertension.

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Hypertension contd

• Leads to other CVDs
• The silent killer
• Factors related to hypertension
• Obesity
• Alcohol use
• Inactivity
• Smoking
• Excessive salt intake

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Hypertension contd

• CANNOT be cured
• CAN be controlled
• Eating well
• Losing excess weight
• Exercise
• Some medications

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Diseases of the Arteries

• Arteriorsclerosis
• Build up of plaque in the arteries to cause the
  walls to thicken and harden
• Atherosclerosis
• Fatty deposits build up to narrow or block blood
  passage

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Diseases of the Heart

• Heart Attack
• Atherosclerosis continues to develop and block
  the arteries
• Angina Pectoris occurs as a warning sign that the
  heart is in distress
• When blockage occurs, the heart doesnt receive
  oxygen
• Congestive Heart Failure
• Can also occur with illegal drug use

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Stroke

• Arterial blockage affects the blood supply to the
  brain
• thrombus
• OR the artery bursts
• Cerebral hemorrhage

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Stroke contd

• Warning Signs
• Sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm, and
  leg on 1 side of the body.
• Loss of speech, or trouble in speaking or
  understanding people.
• Sudden dimness or loss of vision, particularly in
  only 1 eye.
• Unexplained dizziness, unsteadiness, or sudden
  falls.

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Treating Cardiovascular Disease

• Detecting
• Electrocardiogram
• Radionuclide
• Phonocardiography
• Coronary Angiography
• Artificial Pacemaker
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)?

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Treating Cardiovascular Disease contd

• Surgical Procedures
• Heart Transplant
• Coronary Bypass Surgery
• Balloon Angioplasty
• Heart Valve Surgery

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Prevention of CVD

• Avoid tobacco, alcohol, drugs
• Reduce the intake of cholesterol
• Choose veggies, fruits, and grains
• Maintain a health weight according to your doctor
• Limit salty foods
• Exercise
• Manage your daily stress

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Chapter 28 Noninfectious Diseasesp. 674

• Lesson 2
• Cancer
• p. 683

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Health Terms

• Cancer
• Tumors
• Benign
• Malignant
• Metastasis

• Carcinogen
• Melanoma
• Biopsy
• Chemotherapy

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Tumors

• ALL cancers are tumors
• BUT not all tumors are cancer.
• Benign - are noncancerous because they are less
  aggressive they are surrounded by membranes
  which prevent spreading.
• Malignant - are cancerous and can rapidly spread
  through the body or metastasizes.

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Causes of Cancer

• Heredity
• genetic
• Lifestyle
• tobacco use
• sun exposure
• poor eating habits
• lack of exercise

• Environment
• asbestos
• toxic waste
• radiation
• some viruses
• contaminated water

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Types of Cancer

• Classified by Type of Tissue
• Carcinomas - epithelial tissue skin or linings
  of organs
• Sarcomas - cancers that develop in connective or
  supportive tissue bone, muscle, tendons
• Lymphomas - cancers that develop in the lymph
  system

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Types of Cancer

• Classified by Where the Cancer Develops
• Skin Cancer -
• melanoma most deadly
• basal
• squamous
• occurs due to failure to
• protect against sun exposure

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Types of Cancer cont'd

• Lung Cancer -
• 85 of male - due to smoking tobacco
• 75 of female due to smoking tobacco
• SURVIVAL RATE 13

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Types of Cancer cont'd

• Oral Cancer -
• - Includes mouth throat
• - Begins to develop where tobacco touches the
  tissue
• - Excessive alcohol use is a risk

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Types of Cancer cont'd

• Cancer of the Colon Rectum -
• - occurs in the later part of the colon and/or
  rectum
• - may cause blockage or bleeding
• - eating low fat high fiber will decrease a
  person's chances

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Types of Cancer cont'd

• Reproductive Cancer -
• Female
• Breast self exam
• Ovaries -regular exams
• Uterus - regular exams
• Cervical - regular exams
• Male
• Breast -VERY rare
• Prostate - regular exams
• Testes self exam

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Types of Cancer cont'd

• Leukemia -
• blood-forming tissue cancer
• immature white blood cells (WBC) multiply rapidly
  crowd out mature WBC
• this weakens the immune system
• 95 success rate in children

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Detecting Cancer

• Regular physical exams are important to finding
  cancer early.
• If a tumor is found, a physician will take a
  biopsy to determine it's state.
• Ultrasound is done to determine the location of a
  tumor.
• Both methods are used to determine how to treat
  the tumor.

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Chapter 28 Noninfectious Diseasesp. 674

• Lesson 3
• Other Noninfectious Diseases
• p. 689

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Health Terms

• Diabetes
• Insulin
• Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)?
• Arthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Osteoarthritis

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Chapter 28 Noninfectious Diseasesp. 674

• Lesson 4
• Physical and Mental Challenges
• p. 694

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Health Terms

• Disability
• Profound Deafness
• Mental Retardation
• Americans with Disabilities Act