Cholera

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Cholera

• Dr. Rachel Joshua Thundyil

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Agent

• Gram Negative Bacilli
• Vibrio Cholerae
• Curved, Actively Motile, Flagellated

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• Narural Host - Humans
• Transmission Faeco-oral route
• Water
  
• Food
• Carriers
  
  

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Clinical Features

• Incubation Period - few hours to 6 days
• 3 Phases - Evacuation Phase
• - Collapse Phase
• - Recovery Phase

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Evacuation Phase

• Abrupt onset
• Painless
• Watery diarrhoea rice-water without vomitting

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Collapse Phase

• Shock Cold, clammy skin
• Tachycardia
• Hypotension
• Cyanosis
• Dehydration Sunken eyes
• Hollow Cheek
• Decreased urine output

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Recovery Phase

• Patient gradually recovers

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Complicaitons

• Shock
• Convulsions
• Renal Failure
• Aspiration Pneumonia

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Diagnosis

• Clinical
• Rectal swab for C S

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Treatment

• Rehydration
• Antibiotics

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Rehydration

• Mild dehydration
• Moderate dehydration
• Severe dehydration

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Mild Dehydration

• Use ORS
• 50 ml/kg in the first 4 hours
• 100 ml/kg till diarrhoea stops

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Moderate Dehydration

• Use ORS
• 100 ml/kg in the first 4 hours
• 10 15 ml/kg/hour

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Severe Dehydration

• Use IV Fluids
• Ringer Lactate, followed by ORS

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Antibiotics

• Doxycyclin 100 mg stat for adults
• EES for 5 days for children

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Thank you