Quagga Mussels in Utah Water Supply Industry Perspective

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Quagga Mussels in UtahWater Supply Industry
Perspective

• Utah Division of Water Resources
• July 15, 2008

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Great Lakes Perspective

• Surrounding states
  and drainage basin

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Great Lakes Perspective

• 84 of North Americas surface fresh water
• 21 of worlds supply
• 5,473 cubic miles or
• 18,500,000,000 acre-feet (billion)
• It takes a great deal to push the ecosystem of
  the Great Lakes, and the mussels have done it.
• Comparison Lake Powell Flaming Gorge
• 0.2 volume of Great Lakes

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Mussels Now Western US Problem

• January 6, 2007 Quaggas _at_ Lake Mead
• Las Vegas Boat Harbor
• Arrived 3 years ago
• Later found in Lakes
• Mohave and Havasu
• Moved into California Arizona
• August 2007 veligers
• (larvae) found in Lake Powell

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Mussels Now Western US Problem

• California is worried that the mollusks could
  damage the system that brings water across the
  desert to 18 million people in Los Angeles and
  San Diego.
• Metropolitan Water District of Southern
  California officials, shut down the entire
  242-mile aqueduct for three weeks to dry out the
  canals and use chlorine to kill the mussels.
  Done TWICE in 2007.
• Major response by
• Utah, Nevada, Arizona California
• National Park Service
• Southern Nevada Water Authority
• Las Vegas Valley Water District

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Mussels Now a Utah Problem

• None detected in Utah yet, however.
• Conditions in Utah reservoirs are conducive
• Top 20 destinations of Lake Mead boaters
• 3 Lake Powell
• 11 Pineview Reservoir
• 12 Bear Lake
• 14 Willard Bay
• 19 Jordanelle Reservoir
• I-80 brings eastern boats to Flaming Gorge
• Move downstream from reservoirs

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Costs Due to Mussels

• If you use electricity water, you do not want
  mussels
• Costs in this presentation assume state-wide
  infestation
• Worst case scenario
• Could take years like eastern US
• Cost estimating difficult
• Varying missing data
• Different locations eastern vs. western US
• Changes with time technology cost indexing
• Still needed some estimates

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Mussel Costs in the USA

• 100 million per year
• Electric industry 51
• Water treatment 31
• Industrial 8
• Others 10

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Water Treatment Plant Problems Due to Mussels
Estimated Annual Expenses Mussel Control Utah Water Treatment Plants Estimated Annual Expenses Mussel Control Utah Water Treatment Plants Estimated Annual Expenses Mussel Control Utah Water Treatment Plants Estimated Annual Expenses Mussel Control Utah Water Treatment Plants
Plant Size Number of Plants Annual Cost Per Plant Plant Size Subtotal
10 mgd less 21 142,503 2,992,560
10 mgd to 100 mgd 7 263,608 1,845,254
Greater than 100 mgd 2 1,308,347 2,616,694
Totals 30 7,454,508
January 2008 Dollars. Only treatment plants using surface water are included. January 2008 Dollars. Only treatment plants using surface water are included. January 2008 Dollars. Only treatment plants using surface water are included. January 2008 Dollars. Only treatment plants using surface water are included.
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Pipeline Problems Due to Mussels

• Increased friction reduced area reduces flow
  capacity
• Pipelines NOT tolerant of reduction
• Remove clean out mussels more maintenance
• Retrofit existing redesign new pipelines
• Continuous chemical feed systems supplies
• Enhanced corrosion resistance oxidizing
  chemicals
• Pipe cleanout access dispose of mussels
• Large people Smaller pigging
  Smallest replace
• Mussel-resistant coatings in selected areas
• Shut down pipeline maintenance or replace
• No cost data for pipeline activities

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Pipeline Problems Due to Mussels
Utah Raw Water Pipelines Aqueducts at Risk of Mussel Infestation Utah Raw Water Pipelines Aqueducts at Risk of Mussel Infestation Utah Raw Water Pipelines Aqueducts at Risk of Mussel Infestation
Sponsor Approx Total Length (miles) Range of Pipe Diameter (inches)
Weber Basin WCD 360 2 to 84
Jordan Valley WCD 20 66 to 78
Metropolitan SL Sandy 38 69 to 84
Central Utah WCD 90 42 to 126
Washington County WCD 70 6 to 66
Rocky Mountain Power 124 18 to 192
Existing pipelines subtotal 702 na
Lake Powell Pipeline 168 30 66
Bear River Pipeline 130 60
Flaming Gorge Pipeline 120 60
Future pipelines subtotal 418 na
Totals 1,120 na
Major culinary power plant pipelines included. Many small culinary and agriculture systems not included. Actual totals greater. Pipeline owners supplied data. Future pipeline data from Div. Water Resources. April 2007 Major culinary power plant pipelines included. Many small culinary and agriculture systems not included. Actual totals greater. Pipeline owners supplied data. Future pipeline data from Div. Water Resources. April 2007 Major culinary power plant pipelines included. Many small culinary and agriculture systems not included. Actual totals greater. Pipeline owners supplied data. Future pipeline data from Div. Water Resources. April 2007
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Canal Problems Due to Mussels

• About 4,573 miles of canals in Utah
• Open-channel flow capacity reduced
• Earth-lined 24 less, Manning n 0.022 ?
  0.029
• Concrete-lined 52 less, Manning n 0.014 ?
  0.029
• How tolerant are your canals of such reductions?

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Canal Problems Due to Mussels

• Mussel growth reduces area further reduces flow
• Annual dewatering
• Mussel die-off
• Deteriorated water quality
• Noxious odor
• Clean up dead mussels maintenance along canal
• Valves, screens, grates facilities maintenance
• No cost data for canal activities

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Secondary Water Systems Problems Due to Mussels

• Outdoor irrigation
• Residential lawns, golf courses, cemeteries,
  fountains
• Some industrial cooling
• Canal capacity reduced earth 24 concrete
  52
• About 75 end users have
• Pressurized, small dia. pipes sprinkler heads
• Easily plugged
• Drip systems similarly impacted
• No cost data for secondary system activities

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Reservoir Problems Due to Mussels

• 150 reservoirs, 100 acres water storage
  recreation
• 30 major boating reservoirs
• Over 8,000 water bodies in Utah
• Seasonal water level changes massive mussel
  die-off
• Deteriorated water quality noxious odor

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Reservoir Problems Due to Mussels

• Clean up dead mussels
• Beaches unusable
• Cut feet
• Limited access
• Noxious odor
• No cost data for reservoir activities

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Impacts Summary Assuming Mussel Infestation Throughout Utah Impacts Summary Assuming Mussel Infestation Throughout Utah Impacts Summary Assuming Mussel Infestation Throughout Utah
Category Estimated Annual Costs, 2007 dollars Comments Other Impacts
Water treatment plants 7,454,508 30 plants, various sizes
Culinary power pipelines Unknown Over 1,120 mi. Increased maintenance Substantial infrastructure retrofit new
Culinary Agriculture canals Unknown About 4,573 mi. Increased maintenance Reduced capacity
Secondary water systems Unknown Reduced canal capacity, plugged sprinkler heads, more maintenance
Reservoirs 323,220 30 reservoirs, monitoring only infested more. Seasonal die-off, beaches unused
Coal fired electric power plants 3,046,155 7 plants, various sizes
Hydroelectric plants 224,000 56 plants, assume 4,000 per plant
Industrial water users 2,534,510 Assumes 10 users, probably more
Hatcheries aquaculture 1,468,863 14 state 19 private hatcheries 120 fee fishing ponds not included
Golf courses 40,064 128 golf courses, monitoring only Infestation costs much more
Dept. Natural Resources enforcement 1,400,000 Additional full-time personnel and seasonal watercraft inspectors
Total 16.5 million Actual costs greater if infested
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Water Supplier Rapid Response PlanP 6 Proper
Prior Preparation Prevents Poor Performance

• Prepare your plan
• Detection
• Notification
• Colonization Extent
• Response Team
• Communications
• Resources

• Permits
• Quarantine
• Containment
• Monitoring
• Plan Effectiveness
• Play Out Mock Scenario

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Water Supplier Rapid Response Plan

• Model Plans Available
• Columbia River Basin Plan Exercise
• California AIS Mgt Plan
• U. S. Fish Wildlife Service Model Plan
• Sign email list all sent to you
• Coordinate your agency plan with
• State of Utah, AIS Interdiction Act
• DWR R657-60 Rules

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• Quagga mussels are just plain bad for Utah
• So all of this is to prevent
• our descent
• into
• the Quagga-mire

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Discussion

• mikesuflita_at_utah.gov