War of 1812

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War of 1812

• Second War of Independence

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War of 1812

• Backgroundwhat were the origins?
• War backed primarily by Democratic War Hawks.
• Federalist party opposed to war.
• War finally declared on Great Britain on June 16,
  1812.
• Every Federalist in Congress voted against the
  declaration.
• Five key events of the war.

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Invasion of Canada

• Many War Hawks wanted to annex Canada into the
  United States.
• Britain still fighting France in the Napoleonic
  War thought it would be an easy victory.
• U.S. army increased to 75,000 invaded Canada in
  1812.
• Miserable failure.
• Only success was the Battle of Lake Eerie in
  1813 gave U.S. control of southern Great Lakes.

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Tecumseh

• Native American nationalist Pan-Indian movement.
• Saw war as an opportunity.
• United several tribes against U.S.
• Red Stick army.
• Defeated at Horseshoe Bend in 1814 by U.S. forces
  led by Andrew Jackson.

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Washington, D.C.

• Napoleon defeated in 1814.
• British now focus on North America.
• Small army of Brits capture Washington and burn
  several public buildings, including the Capitol
  and presidents mansion.
• Dolley Madison saves several works of art.
• Mansion later painted white to hide burn marks
  and nations humiliation.

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Battle of Fort McHenry

• September 1814
• U.S. did win a key battle at Fort McHenry outside
  Baltimore.
• Francis Scott Key penned the lyrics to The
  Star-Spangled Banner.
• Set it to the the tune of an English drinking
  song.
• Made the national anthem in 1931.

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Battle of New Orleans

• 7,500 British troops opposed by hastily assembled
  and outnumbered American force led by Jackson.
• Defeated by regular soldiers, Kentucky and
  Tennessee frontiersmen, citizens of New Orleans
  including free blacks, Choctaw Indians, and
  pirates.

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Results of the War

• Andrew Jackson becomes a national hero.
• Huge surge in American nationalism and
  patriotismdefeated worlds most powerful army,
  again.
• Death of the Federalist Party at the Hartford
  Convention (more in a minute).
• Treaty of Ghent (1814), only ended fighting
  nothing settled.

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Hartford Convention

• Federalists controlled the New England states.
• Called a convention at Hartford, Conn., in 1812
  after declaration of war.
• Goal was to discuss secession and the Souths
  growing political power.
• Basically a bunch of whiners and
  complainerspredicted doom and gloom.
• Upsurge in nationalism following the war made
  Federalist repudiated across nation for their
  opposition to the war party collapsed shortly
  thereafterlost all political power and
  legitimacy.