US History

1
CHAPTER 9

• US History

2
Election 1800

• Deadlock between Jefferson and Burr
• Jefferson wins on 35th ballot thanks to
  Hamiltons getting people to switch sides
• 12th Amendment is passed to prevent this
  situation from happening again

3
Jefferson

• Wanted to close gap between political parties
• wise and frugal government
• Will of majority must always be balanced by the
  rights of the minority
• That which governs best governs least

4
More Jefferson

• States rights first
• Anti-industry
• Allow AS Acts to expire (LU)
• Repeal Naturalization Act (LU)
• Reduced national debt
• cut back military spending
• repeal federal internal taxes
• decrease number of federal employees

5
Jefferson and Courts

• Judiciary Act 1801 (LU)
• Midnight Judges
• Adams appoints hundreds of judges including Chief
  Justice John Marshall
• some commissions not processed
• Jefferson refuses to let Marburys be delivered

6
Marbury Vs Madison

• Marbury v Madison test case for Judicial Review
• right of supreme court to review and rule on
  actions of other branches
• support check and balance
• post was given
• Marshall on court until 1835

7
Louisiana Territory

• Belonged to Spain but they secretly sold to
  France
• Monroe sent to France to try and purchase NO for
  10 Mil.
• Napoleon has to give up goal of land in the
  Americas due to failure in battle in the Americas
• Sells all the territory for 15m
• Doubles the size of the US

8
Expansion

• Lewis and Clark sent to explore new Territory
• Pike explores CO
• Both went to areas the US did not own, yet

9
Secession

• Federalists in the north upset about the purchase
  afraid will become like the south and they will
  be outnumbered
• Want a Northern Confederacy
• Aaron Burr as President
• Exposed by Hamilton so challenges Hamilton to a
  duel

10
Duel results

• Hamilton is killed and Burr flees to Canada
• Later charges dropped and return to US
• Tries to get Wilkinson to purchase LA for him but
  doesnt have the right to do this
• When W. refuses accuses of treason
• Fails not treason

11
The Barbary Pirate Situation 1800-1805

• Sending trade ships to Med. And along N. Africa
  Barbary Coast
• 2nd in the world for maritime trade!
• War with Tripoli since pirates are attacking our
  ships and demanding tribute
• US refuse to pay the protection money
• Take USS Philadelphia sink/burn own boat
• After 3 years sends people to negotiate.
• Agree to pay a ransom for people over a 10 year
  period.

12
Freedom of the Sea

• England and France war again and set up blockades
  of each others counties and stop all trade
  vessels. (1805)
• England starts to impress Americans again
• British attack USS Chesapeake and US refuses to
  let them attack and fight back

13
Trade Embargo

• 1807 Embargo Act
• Blocks all imports and exports to all countries
• Hurts US as others have alternates to trade with
• Depression in US
• 1809 Nonintercourse Act can trade with anyone
  BUT France or England

14
WAR FEVER

• 1801 trade restrictions set and later lifted
• 1805 trade restrictions set and stay
• Whomever stops attack us first we will
  reestablish trade with
• Napoleon agrees to stop attacking US (does it
  anyway secretly)
• Madison still sees England as the larger threat

15
Indian Wars Again 1801- 1810

• OHIO becomes a state in 1803 and more move there
• Native Am start to work with British and French
  again
• Tecumseh sets up the Northwest Confederation with
  help of his brother the Prophet
• 1811 Harrison to deal with the situation
• Battle of Tippecanoe US wins, but forces an
  alliance between British and the N.AM.
• War Hawks -2nd generation Americans, very
  patriotic and very pro-expansion
• Quadruple the size of military and increase
  spending

16
War of 1812

• Tell British we will reopen ports if they respect
  us as a country and lift trade restritions
• They say okNOT
• Macons Bill If E. or F. respect us then open
  ports
• Napoleon tricks us into believing HE is lifting
  restrictions so we tell England no trade.NOT
• England lifts restrictions on June 16, 1812
• BUT
• We declare war on June 18, 1812
• Messages crossed on the water

17
US is unprepared for war

• No leaders
• No
• Failure in land battles for the first 6 months

18
Naval Battles

• More successful
• USS Constitution (Old Ironsides) destroys British
  vessels
• Privateers again play a major role
• Sept 10, 1813 Lake Erie battle Oliver Perry
  destroys the British naval force!
• British pull back
• Battle of the Thames Tecumseh is killed and the
  Indian Confederacy collapses

19
More Battles!

• Battle of York (that is modern Toronto)
• Americans ransack and burn the city
• Battle of Horseshoe Bend Jackson defeats the
  Creeks and they give up all land to US.

20
British Offensive

• British finish war with France in 1814
• Aug 1814 March into DC and burn it (payback?)
• Went on to Baltimore and were stopped
• This is when Francis Scott Key wrote Star
  Spangled Banner
• Go on to Battle of Plattsburgh, NY but again,
  British loose

21
End of War

• Treaty of Ghent ended war
• Signed in Ghent, Belgium
• Before word reached US there was one more
  battleBattle of New Orleans
• Andrew Jackson led US
• Vicious and bloody battle
• Hung British and Spanish soldiers (why take
  prisoners?)

22
Results

• Some in NE still wanted to secede and vote on it
• Vote fails and the people find out about itoops
• Federalist who had opposed the war look REALLY
  bad at this point and they loose power in
  government as they are seen as unpatriotic.
• Boarders remain the same and we dont get Canada
  
• Finally respected by Britain and most other
  countries.