Granitic Site in the Czech Republic and Paired-Catchments Possibilities

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Granitic Site in the Czech Republic and
Paired-Catchments Possibilities

• Pavel Kram, Jakub Hruska,
  Tomas Navratil, Filip Oulehle, Daniela
  Fottova and Martin Novak
• Czech Geological Survey, Prague

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GEOMON Network of Fourteen Forest Catchments in
Central Europe (Coordinated by Daniela Fottova,
Czech Geological Survey, Prague, since 1994)
GER
POL
GER
CZE
AUT
SVK
3
Lysina
ROAD
Hydrochemical monitoring since 1988 Hydrologic
monitoring since 1989 In the GEOMON network
(Daniela Fottová et al.) since 1994 In the
ICP-IM network (Sirpa Kleemola et al.) since 2002
ROAD
Topographic situation 1989
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Different stages of surface runoff and
water color at 90O V-notch weir of LYS
Flood
DOC, H
Baseflow
DOC, H
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Throughfall Collectors in Even-Aged Norway Spruce
Plantation at LYS
Photo Galina Koptsik, 2005
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Shallow Root System at LYS
photo Hofmeister 2003, published Hofmeister et
al. 2008
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0.5 m2 Soil Pit at LYS Podzol on Leucogranite
Photo Skorepa J (2006)
Technique Huntington TG, Ryan DF, Hamburg SP
(1988) SSSAJ 52 1162-1167
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MAGIC Model Simulation of Annual Mean Base
Saturation of Lumped 90 cm of Soil at Lysina
Hruska and Kram (2007)
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SAFE Model Simulation of Annual Mean Base
Saturation of Five Soil Horizons at Lysina
LF
H
E
B
C
Navratil et al. (2007)
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.
POL
GER
CZE
AUT
SVK
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Lithology Gradient
in the Czech GEOMON Network and in the American
Critical Zone Exploration Network
LYSLeucogranite vs. PLBUltramafic
Serpentine GEOMON in paired catchment-level
observatories
Granite vs. Mafic Basalt Brantley et al. 2006,
2008
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Leucogranite versus serpentine (Lysina vs.
Pluhuv Bor)
Mg
Acid rock
Mg
Sandy soil
Ultramafic rock
Silty soil
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Bedrock composition (mass )

• CaO
• MgO
• Na2O
• K2O
• Al2O3
• SiO2

• Pluhuv Bor-serpentinite
  Lysina-leucogranite
• 0.05 0.5
• 36.1 0.1
• 0.02 2.9
• 0.02 4.4
• 1.0 14.0
• 40.7 72.9

original data serpentinite Kram et al., 2007,
leucogranite Fiala F. et al., 1961
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Soil Base saturation in 1993
Kram et al. (1997)
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Mean Acid Neutralizing Capacity of Streamwater
(1994-2005)
ANC
Navratil et al. (2006)
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Real Life
Pluhuv Bor
Black Brook
Lysina
3 ueq/l Ni
1992-1994
Kram et al., 2000
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21 mono-rock mineral soil catchmens of the
Slavkov Forest underlain by 5 geochemically
contrasting environments (leucogranite/granite/gne
issmica schist/ amphiboliteneovolcanites/serpent
ine) studied in 2001-2003
2 organic soil catchments studied in
1992-2007

• Input digital space data satelite image
  LANDSAT ETM

Malenovsky, Kram, Cudlin, 2004
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Mean concentrations of magnesium in stream waters
at 11 catchments on 3 bedrocks

leucogranite
serpentine
amphibolite
19
V-notch weir for continuous measurements of
surface water runoff from the Pluhuv Bor
watershed
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Conclusions

• Quantification of lithologic controls on
  regolith, mineral soil and organic soil in
  (221) forest catchments (in monolithologic and
  tree monoculture environment of central Europe)
• Selected paired monolithologic catchments include
  end-members of ecosystem sensitivity to
  acidification
• Comparison of spatial scales of chemical
  weathering from laboratory microscale, soil
  profiles to small catchments

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More information about the Czech catchments

• Hofmeister J, Oulehle F, Kram P, Hruska J (2008)
  Loss of nutrients caused by litter raking as
  compared with an effect of acid deposition.
  
  
  Biogeochemistry 88 139-151.
• Hruska J, Johnson CE, Kram P (1996) The role of
  organic solutes in the chemistry of acid-impacted
  bog waters of the western Czech Republic.
  
  Water
  Resources Research 32 2841-2851.
• Hruska J, Kram P (2003) Modelling of long-term
  changes of streamwater chemistry in two
  catchments with contrasting vulnerability to
  acidification.
  
  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 7
  525-539.
• Kram P, Hruska J, Wenner BS, Driscoll CT,
  Johnson CE (1997) The biogeochemistry of basic
  cations in two forest catchments with contrasting
  lithology in the Czech Republic.
  Biogeochemistry 37
  173-202.
• Krám P (2006) Chemical composition of runoff from
  eleven forested and geochemically contrasting
  catchments underlain by leucogranite,
  serpentinite and amphibolite (in Czech, English
  Abstract). Geoscience Research Reports, Czech
  Geological Survey, Prague,182-186.
• Kram P, Oulehle F, Stedra V, Hruska J, Shanley
  JB, Minocha R, Traister E (2008) Geoecology of a
  forest watershed underlain by serpentine in
  Central Europe.
  Northeastern
  Naturalist, in review.
• Navratil T, Kurz D, Kram P, Hofmeister J, Hruska
  J (2007) Acidification and recovery of soil at a
  heavily impacted forest catchment (Lysina, Czech
  Republic) SAFE modeling and field results.
  
  
  Ecological Modeling 205
  464-474.
• Novak M, Kirchner JW, Fottova D., Prechova E,
  Jackova I, Kram P, Hruska J (2005) Isotopic
  evidence for processes of sulfur
  retention/release in 13 forested catchments
  spanning a strong pollution gradient (Czech
  Republic, Central Europe).
  
  Global
  Biogeochemical Cycles 19 Art.No.GB4012, 1-14.
• Oulehle F, McDowell WH, Aitkenhead-Peterson JA,
  Kram P, Hruska J, Navratil T, Buzek F, Fottova D
  (2008) Long-term trends in stream nitrate
  concentrations and losses across watersheds
  undergoing recovery from acidification in the
  Czech Republic.
  
  Ecosystems 11 410-425.

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MAGIC Model Simulation of Annual Mean Streamwater
Acid Neutralizing Capacity (ANC) at Lysina
Hruska and Kram (2007)
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MAGIC Model Simulation of Annual Mean Streamwater
Sulfate Concentration at LYS and PLB
Hruska and Kram (2007)
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MAGIC Model Simulation of Annual Mean Soil Base
Saturation at LYS and PLB
PLB
PLB decline of base saturation from 95 to 88
LYS
Hruska and Kram (2007)
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0.5 m2 soil pit at PLB Eutric Inceptisol
Photo July 1993
Technique Huntington TG, Ryan DF, Hamburg SP
(1988) SSSAJ 52 1162-1167
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Zero-tension lysimeters for sampling of soil
water at Pluhuv Bor
Photo July 1993
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metabasics granite leukogranite volcanics gneiss s
ediments serpentinite mica-schist

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Mean concentrations of the nutrient potassium and
potentially toxic nickel in stream waters at 11
catchments on 3 bedrocks

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Mean concentrations of the nutrient divalent base
cations in stream waters at 11
catchments on 3 bedrocks

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Outline

• Location of fourteen catchments
• Methods of water and soil sampling and chemical
  analyses
• Long-term monitoring results (deposition, soil,
  streamwater)
• MAGIC and SAFE modeling results (streamwater,
  soil)
• Short Conclusions

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Water Sampling at Lysina (LYS) (for example)
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Water Analyses at LYS
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Selected Soil Analyses at LYS
(sampling in 1993, analyzed at Syracuse
University)
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Selected Soil Analyses (cont.) at LYS
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Results of the Mann-Kendall Test of the Mean
Annual Atmospheric Deposition Fluxes to the
GEOMON Catchments in 1994-2005
Compound Bulk Precipitation Sen-slope Spruce Throughfall Sen-slope
Precipitation (mm yr-1) (-10) (not significant) (-5) (not significant)
Sulfur (kg ha-1yr-1) -0.9 plt0.001 -2.2 plt0.001
Inorganic Nitrogen (kg ha-1yr-1) -0.5 plt0.01 (0.02) (not significant)
Hydrogen Ions (kg ha-1yr-1) -0.02 plt0.05 -0.07 plt0.001
Libiseller C. (2004) MULTMK/PARTMK A program
for the computation of Multivariate and Partial
Mann-Kendall Test. Linkoping University, Sweden.
Kram et al. (2006)
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Mean Streamwater Export of Nitrate in 1994-2005
vs. Organic Soil C/N Mass Ratio at fourteen
GEOMON Catchments
Oulehle et al. (2008)
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MAGIC Model Simulation of Annual Mean Soil Base
Saturation at other GEOMON Catchments
Hruska and Kram (2004)
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Conclusions

• CZ Critical Zone
• CZ Czech Republic

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More information about biogeochemical models

• MAGIC
  Cosby BJ, Hornberger GM, Galloway
  JN, Wright RF (1985)
  
  Time scales of catchment acidification.
  
  Environmental Science and Technology 19
  1144-1149.
  
  
• Cosby BJ, Ferrier RC, Jenkins A, Wright RF
  (2001)
  
  Modelling the effects of acid deposition
  refinements, adjustments and inclusion of
  nitrogen dynamics in the MAGIC model.
  
  Hydrology and Earth
  System Sciences 5 499-517.
• SAFE
• Warfvinge P, Falkengren-Grerup U, Sverdrup H,
  Andersen B (1993)
  
  Modeling long-term supply in acidified forests
  stands.
  Environmental Pollution 80 209-221.
• Martinson L, Alveteg M, Warfvinge P (2003)
  
  Parametrization and
  evaluation of sulfate adsorption in a dynamic
  soil chemistry model.
  
  Environmental
  Pollution 124 119-125.
• 
  

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Results of the Mann-Kendall Test of the Mean
Annual Stream Runoff Fluxes from the GEOMON
Catchments in 1994-2005
Catchment Inorganic N (kg ha-1yr-1) Sen-slope Sulfur (kg ha-1yr-1) Sen-slope
CER NS -1.9 -1.9
LIZ -0.1 NS NS
LKV NS -3.2 -3.2
LYS -0.1 -1.0 -1.0
MOD -0.9 -1.4 -1.4
PLB NS -2.3 -2.3
POM -0.3 -1.7 -1.7
UHL -0.5 NS NS
ANE,JEZ,LES,SAL,SPA,UDL NS NS NS
NS not significant, Pgt0.05
Oulehle et al. (2008)
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Results of the Mann-Kendall Test of the Mean
Annual Streamwater Concentration in the GEOMON
Catchments in 1994-2005
Catchment Inorganic N (ueq L-1yr-1) Sulfur (ueq L-1yr-1) Sen-slope
ANE -2.2 24.8 24.8
CER NS -6.7 -6.7
JEZ -2.4 -33.6 -33.6
LIZ -2.1 NS NS
LYS -0.4 -17.3 -17.3
MOD -2.5 -1.9 -1.9
PLB NS -37.0 -37.0
POM -6.2 -28.9 -28.9
SPA -0.1 -4.4 -4.4
UDL -4.2 -1.5 -1.5
UHL -3.3 NS NS
LES, LKV, SAL NS NS NS
NS not significant, Pgt0.05
Oulehle et al. (2008)
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Mean Calcium and Magnesium Concentration in
Streamwater (1994-2005)
Ca
Mg
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Very different proportions of Mg fluxes in
throughfall at sites with Mg-poor (LYS) and
Mg-rich (PLB) substrate in 1992-2002
Lysina
Pluhuv Bor
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Decline of internal cycling and dry deposion
fluxes of base cations in throughfall in
1994-2002. The pattern of internal cycling
follows the large increase of throughfall pH.
However the wet deposition fluxes remain stable.
Dry deposition flux of base cations was larger
than the wet deposition flux in the middle of
1990s, but not later.
Lysina
Pluhuv Bor
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Monthly Mean Water Fluxes
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Sulfate vs. alkalinity in streamwater,
data are split into three
time periods
b
baseflow
highflow
Shanley et al., 2004
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Serpentinite Tremolitic shale Actinolitic shale Amphibolite
median mass median mass median mass median mass
Base cations (impotrant nutrients for forest ecosystem) Base cations (impotrant nutrients for forest ecosystem) Base cations (impotrant nutrients for forest ecosystem) Base cations (impotrant nutrients for forest ecosystem) Base cations (impotrant nutrients for forest ecosystem)
MgO 36.1 24.2 15.2 8.0
CaO 0.05 8.4 9.8 8.8
K2O 0.02 0.02 0.16 0.23
Na2O 0.02 0.08 2.1 4.5
Potentially toxic metals Potentially toxic metals Potentially toxic metals Potentially toxic metals Potentially toxic metals
Ni 0.20 0.12 0.03 0.01
Cr 0.25 0.22 0.04 0.01
Al2O3 1.0 3.1 13.5 16.4
Kram et al., 2007
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Real Life
Pluhuv Bor
Lysina
3 ueq/l Ni
H
H
Mg
Ca
Ca
K
Na
Na
1992-1994
Kram et al., 2000
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More information about the GEOMON catchments

• Fottova D, Skorepova I (1998) Changes in mass
  element fluxes and their importance for critical
  loads GEOMON network, Czech Republic.
  
  Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 105 365-376.
• Hofmeister J, Oulehle F, Kram P, Hruska J (2008)
  Loss of nutrients caused by litter raking as
  compared with an effect of acid deposition.
  
  Biogeochemistry 88 139-151.
• Hruska J, Kram P (2003) Modelling of long-term
  changes of streamwater chemistry in two
  catchments with contrasting vulnerability to
  acidification.
  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
  7 525-539.
• Kram P, Hruska J, Wenner BS, Driscoll CT,
  Johnson CE (1997) The biogeochemistry of basic
  cations in two forest catchments with contrasting
  lithology in the Czech Republic. Biogeochemistry
  37 173-202.
• Navratil T, Kurz D, Kram P, Hofmeister J, Hruska
  J (2007) Acidification and recovery of soil at a
  heavily impacted forest catchment (Lysina, Czech
  Republic) SAFE modeling and field results.
  
  
  Ecological Modeling 205
  464-474.
• Novak M, Kirchner JW, Fottova D., Prechova E,
  Jackova I, Kram P, Hruska J (2005) Isotopic
  evidence for processes of sulfur
  retention/release in 13 forested catchments
  spanning a strong pollution gradient (Czech
  Republic, Central Europe).
  Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19 Art.No.GB4012,
  1-14.
• Oulehle F, McDowell WH, Aitkenhead-Peterson JA,
  Kram P, Hruska J, Navratil T, Buzek F, Fottova D
  (2008) Long-term trends in stream nitrate
  concentrations and losses across watersheds
  undergoing recovery from acidification in the
  Czech Republic. Ecosystems 11
  410-425.