Ch' 4: Procaryotic Profiles: The Bacteria

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Ch. 4 Procaryotic Profiles The Bacteria

• Prokaryote characteristics
• Characteristics of
• Archaebacteria (archaea)
• Eubacteria (Monera)

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Prokaryotic cell

• Appendages
• Flagella, periplasmic flagella
• Pili, fimbriae
• Cell envelope
• Glycocalyx capsule or slime layer
• Cell wall G, G-, Gram-variable
• Cell membrane phospholipid bilayer
• Cytoplasm
• Organelles
• Nucleoid/bacterial chromosome

3
Bacteria cell structure

• Flagella
• function
• arrangement of appendages
• monotrichous
• lophotrichous
• amphitrichous
• peritrichous

4
Bacteria cell structure

• Axial filaments - internal flagella
• function
• location
• pilus
• function
• only in G- bacteria
• conjugation
• fimbria
• function

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Cell Envelope (glycocalyx, cell wall, cell
membrane)

• Glycocalyx
• slime layer
• capsule
• Cell wall
• functions
• G cell wall
• G- cell wall
• Gram variable cell wall

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G cell wall

• Wall components
• PG
• function
• location
• teichoic acid, lipoteichoic acid
• function
• location

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G- cell wall

• Wall components (know function and location)
• OM
• PG
• LPS
• LP
• periplasmic space
• porin

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Gram-variable cell wallor Nontypical cell walls

• Mycobacterium (acid-fast bacteria)
• Mycoplasma
• Archaebacteria
• L-forms

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Cell membrane

• Function
• Phospholipid bilayer
• mesosomes

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Cytoplasm contents

• Ribosomes
• Granules
• Nucleoid
• Plasmids
• Endospores

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Staining Characteristics of Bacteria

• Gram staining
• Acid-fast staining
• Endospore staining
• Capsular staining
• other

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Gram Staining

• 1. Importance
• 2. Procedure
• crystal violet (primary stain)
• iodine (mordant)
• alcohol
• Safranin (secondary/counterstain)
• 3. G vs. G- vs. Gram-variable

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Gram Staining

• How can you tell if you have old cells or a mixed
  sample?

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Bacteria Morphology

• Macroscopic vs. microscopic
• microscopic morphology - shape and arrangement
• 1. Coccus (pl. cocci)
• diplococci
• streptococci
• staphylococci
• sarcina
• tetrad

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Microscopic morphology

• bacillus (pl. bacilli)
• coccobacillus
• streptobacilli
• Spiral-shaped
• comma shaped genus Vibrio
• spirochete
• spirilla
• Pleomorphic

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Identifying Bacteria

• How to use Bergys Manual...

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4 Divisions of Bacteria

• Division 1) Gracilicutes
• Class I Scotobacterial
• Characteristics
• Egs.
• Borrelia burgdorferi
• microscopic morphology
• disease
• history
• clinical manifestations
• treatment
• Treponema pallidum
• microscopic morphology
• disease

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Division 1) Gracilicutes, class I - Scotobacteria

• Family Enterobacteriaceae (Enterics)
• E. coli
• Salmonella
• Shigella

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Division I Gracilicutes

• Class II Anoxyphotobacteria
• Characterisitics
• Class III oxyphotobacteria
• Characteristics

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Division 2) Firmicutes

• Class I Firmibacteria
• Gram positive cocci
• Staphylococcus
• Streptococcus
• Gram positive endospore-forming rods
• Bacillus
• Clostridium
• (Mycobacterium)
• Class II Thallobacteria
• characteristics

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Division 3) Tenericutes

• Characteristics
• eg. Mycoplasma

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Division 4) Mendosicutes

• Archaea
• characteristics

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Species and subspecies of bacteria

• Define species
• Define subspecies/strain

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Whats your first impression?Im Borellia
burgdorferi

• I look pink after Gram staining
• Im long and wavy
• I like the Bulls eye design

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Whats your first impression?Im E. coli

• I also look pink after Gram staining
• Im stubby, but not round
• I like to move around, but take my time.
• I love to live near the good restaurants and eat
  when I please.
• I like to travel from country to country by a
  fecal-oral transmission.

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Whats your first impression?Im Salmonella

• Im pink by Gram stain
• My friends call me Rod
• I love eggs!
• I like my host to know Im there!

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Whats your first impression?Im Bacillus

• Im purple and long.
• I love to play in the dirt!
• I can survive adverse conditions or I can ensure
  that those that follow me do.
• I like oxygen but can do without!
• I dont like to

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Whats your first impression?Im Mycobacterium
tuberculosis