GETTING TO KNOW

1
GETTING TO KNOW

• The Chechen Conflict

2
ADMINISTRATIVE

• Lunch Wednesday
• Jeff Rose
• Kelly Woods
• Michael Cohen
• Senior Final 5/29 at 100 in 0150 Derby Hall
• Senior Papers Due 5/30 NO LATER THAN 500
• Exams
• Adjustments made, but no curve necessary
• Reclamae Due Tuesday
• Promise the next one will be better, with a
  more pointed study guide and a large proportion
  of short answer questions\

3
ESSAY TWO

• Due on 5/22 (7 days from now)
• Suggested Topics NEEDS TO HAVE A THESIS
• Chechnya Clash of Civilizations?
• The Religious Dimension of the Chechen Conflicts
  Jihad or Green Herring?
• The War in Chechnya The Chechen Perspective
• The War in Chechnya The Russian Perspective
• The War in Chechnya The International Reaction
• The Chechen Conflicts in Historical Perspective
• The International Dimension of the Chechen
  Conflict
• Chechnya The Information Dimension
• Chechnya Is Russias Military Kaput?
• The Effect of Chechnya on Russian Security Policy
• What Explains the Difference in Performance?

4
NEWS
5
CALL www.call.army.mil
FMSO www.call.army.mil/fmso/fmso.html
6
NEW MILITARY DOCTRINE

• Defensive in Nature
• Statement of Situation
• Decline in threat of large scale war
• Increase in small scale problems
• Exacerbated By
• Ignoring UN and OSCE
• Non sanctioned humanitarian intervention
• Violation of arms treaties
• Other international meddling
• (Dont forget the information doctrine!)

7
NEWS ON MILITARY REFORM

• From Janes
• Russias Arms Bazaar
• China and India, Iran
• Shanghai Five
• Russian Military Reform mass media control and
  information security (!)
• Paras Flying High
• Putin to Cut Russias Regular Armed Forces by a
  Third

8
CIVIL-MILTARY RELATIONS REVISITED

• Its bad in the military
• Why so quiet?
• Kim Zisks Argument
• Exit or Voice
• Or
• So why do they stay?
• So why do they stay quiet?

9
WHERE IS CHECHNYA?

• Chechnya is sandwiched between the northern
  slopes of the Caucasus mountain chain and the
  steppe and bordered by Georgia and the Russian
  republic of Dagestan. Its position is strategic
  in that it straddles the main highway and the
  only railway and oil pipeline through Russian
  territory between the Caspian Sea and the Black
  Sea. It covers 13,000 square kilometers or 5,000
  square miles.
• Why is it important?

10
CHECHNYA The Lay of the Land

• Plains to north
• River, ridges, and Grozny in the middle
• Mountains and forest to the south
• Effect of geography on security
• How do you attack?

11
IS IT JUST ABOUT OIL?

• Oil rigs and refineries

• Pipeline politics?

12
WHO ARE THE CHECHENS?"Their god is freedom,
their law is war."

• Indigenous groups of mountain herdsmen, farmers,
  and fighters who have lived in the North Caucasus
  for thousands of years.
• Blood feuds and strong families
• Language is non-Slavic, non-Turkic, and
  non-Persian.
• The last census in 1989 put their number at just
  over 1 million.
• Religion
• Late conversion to Islam
• Suffi Brotherhoods
• Wahabis?

13
A CHECHEN TIMELINE

• 1722 Russian Czar Peter the Great annexes
  Dagestan, then loses it.
• Early 19th century Russia fights for decades
  against an Islamic alliance led by Imam Shamil, a
  legendary Avar warrior from Dagestan.
• 1944 Soviet leader Joseph Stalin deports
  Chechens, along with their Ingush cousins, to
  Kazakhstan. Tens of thousands die.
• 1957 Khrushchev permits surviving exiles to
  return.
• Aug. 1991 Chechnya's Communist leadership
  supports an abortive coup in Moscow. They are
  overthrown by former Soviet Air Force Gen.
  Dzhokhar Dudayev. Declares Independence
• December 1994 Russian troops invade Chechnya.
  Moscow succeeds in occupying all the republic's
  urban areas, but is unable to defeat guerrillas
  in the mountainous south.
• August 1996 The rebels re-take Grozny. Under the
  Khasavyurt Peace Accords, Russia withdraws from
  Chechnya and agrees to discuss its independence
  after five years.
• January 1997 Rebel military commander Aslan
  Maskhadov, a moderate nationalist, wins
  presidential elections.
• August-September 1999 Chechen militants led by
  warlord Shamil Basayev launch two invasions of
  neighboring Dagestan. Apartment bombings in
  Moscow and two other Russian cities kill some 300
  people. The Kremlin blames Chechen extremists.
• Oct. 2, 1999 Russian forces invade Chechnya for
  the second time.

14
KEY PLAYERS Aslan Maskhadov

• Elected president of Chechnya in January 1997
  after helping broker a truce to end the
  republic's 1994-1996 war for independence that
  killed an estimated 80,000 people. He served as
  chief-of-staff during the 21-month conflict and
  was the trusted aide of Chechnya's first
  president Dzhokhar Dudayev, killed by the Russian
  army during the war.
• Failed to rally other key players in the
  government around him once elected. Many had
  served as field commanders during the war and
  found Maskhadov too conciliatory toward Moscow.
• Stripped of financial assistance from Russia and
  the trust of his own government, Maskhadov was
  unable to keep the republic from slipping further
  into poverty and crime. Isolated, he chose to
  re-enlist warlord Shamil Basayev into his armed
  forces shortly before Russian forces re-invaded
  Chechnya on October 1.

15
KEY PLAYERS Shamil Basayev

• Russia's current enemy No. 1. Basayev is an
  experienced field commander who has staged daring
  raids on Russia yet has always managed to escape
  alive. He shot to international prominence in
  June 1995 when he and a team of guerrillas took
  more than 1,000 people hostage in the southern
  Russian town of Budennovsk.
• Some 200 people died in the incident, which
  humiliated Moscow and helped lead to a brief
  truce in the war. Moscow further accuses him of
  masterminding apartment complex bombings in
  Russia which have left close to 300 people dead
  since the end of August. He denies involvement.
• Basayev led Islamic rebels who captured several
  villages in neighboring Dagestan in August and
  September with the declared aim of creating an
  independent Islamic republic. The bearded
  34-year-old lost to Maskhadov in the presidential
  elections but served as prime minister for
  several months before resigning.

16
KEY PLAYERS Khattab

• Basayev's loyal but secretive lieutenant. Khattab
  is accused by Moscow of helping mastermind the
  apartment block bombings. He is reputed to be
  either Jordanian or Saudi, and to be 34, the same
  age as Basayev.
• He also fought Soviet troops in Afghanistan, and
  in 1992 fought alongside Islamists in Tajikistan
  to combat the Dushanbe regime. In 1995 he moved
  to Chechnya, where he set up the first training
  camps for his teams of guerrillas there. With
  long, curly hair and poor knowledge of Russian,
  he is married to a Dagestani and avoids the
  media's glare.
• May be connected to international terrorist
  groups.